Mejora del rendimiento de la predicción

En este capítulo, nos enfocaremos en construir un modelo que ayude en la predicción del desempeño del estudiante con una serie de atributos incluidos en él. El enfoque es mostrar el resultado de reprobación de los estudiantes en un examen.

Proceso

El valor objetivo de la evaluación es G3. Estos valores pueden agruparse y clasificarse además como fracaso y éxito. Si el valor de G3 es mayor o igual a 10, el alumno aprueba el examen.

Ejemplo

Considere el siguiente ejemplo en el que se ejecuta un código para predecir el rendimiento si los estudiantes:

import pandas as pd
""" Read data file as DataFrame """
df = pd.read_csv("student-mat.csv", sep=";")
""" Import ML helpers """
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV, cross_val_score
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectKBest, chi2
from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC # Support Vector Machine Classifier model
""" Split Data into Training and Testing Sets """
def split_data(X, Y):
 return train_test_split(X, Y, test_size=0.2, random_state=17)
""" Confusion Matrix """
def confuse(y_true, y_pred):
 cm = confusion_matrix(y_true=y_true, y_pred=y_pred)
 # print("\nConfusion Matrix: \n", cm)
  fpr(cm)
 ffr(cm)
""" False Pass Rate """
def fpr(confusion_matrix):
 fp = confusion_matrix[0][1]
 tf = confusion_matrix[0][0]
 rate = float(fp) / (fp + tf)
 print("False Pass Rate: ", rate)
""" False Fail Rate """
def ffr(confusion_matrix):
 ff = confusion_matrix[1][0]
 tp = confusion_matrix[1][1]
 rate = float(ff) / (ff + tp)
 print("False Fail Rate: ", rate)
 return rate
""" Train Model and Print Score """
def train_and_score(X, y):
 X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = split_data(X, y)
 clf = Pipeline([
 ('reduce_dim', SelectKBest(chi2, k=2)),
 ('train', LinearSVC(C=100))
 ])
 scores = cross_val_score(clf, X_train, y_train, cv=5, n_jobs=2)
 print("Mean Model Accuracy:", np.array(scores).mean())
 clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
 confuse(y_test, clf.predict(X_test))
 print()
""" Main Program """
def main():
 print("\nStudent Performance Prediction")
 # For each feature, encode to categorical values
 class_le = LabelEncoder()
 for column in df[["school", "sex", "address", "famsize", "Pstatus", "Mjob",
"Fjob", "reason", "guardian", "schoolsup", "famsup", "paid", "activities",
"nursery", "higher", "internet", "romantic"]].columns:
 df[column] = class_le.fit_transform(df[column].values)
 # Encode G1, G2, G3 as pass or fail binary values
 for i, row in df.iterrows():
 if row["G1"] >= 10:
 df["G1"][i] = 1
 else:
 df["G1"][i] = 0
 if row["G2"] >= 10:
 df["G2"][i] = 1
 else:
 df["G2"][i] = 0
 if row["G3"] >= 10:
 df["G3"][i] = 1
 else:
 df["G3"][i] = 0
 # Target values are G3
 y = df.pop("G3")
 # Feature set is remaining features
 X = df
 print("\n\nModel Accuracy Knowing G1 & G2 Scores")
 print("=====================================")
 train_and_score(X, y)
 # Remove grade report 2
 X.drop(["G2"], axis = 1, inplace=True)
 print("\n\nModel Accuracy Knowing Only G1 Score")
 print("=====================================")
 train_and_score(X, y)
 # Remove grade report 1
 X.drop(["G1"], axis=1, inplace=True)
 print("\n\nModel Accuracy Without Knowing Scores")
 print("=====================================")
 train_and_score(X, y)
main()

Salida

El código anterior genera la salida como se muestra a continuación

La predicción se trata con referencia a una sola variable. Con referencia a una variable, la predicción del rendimiento del estudiante es como se muestra a continuación: