SQLAlchemy ORM - Operadores de filtro

Ahora, aprenderemos las operaciones de filtrado con sus respectivos códigos y salida.

Igual

El operador habitual utilizado es == y aplica los criterios para comprobar la igualdad.

result = session.query(Customers).filter(Customers.id == 2)

for row in result:
   print ("ID:", row.id, "Name: ",row.name, "Address:",row.address, "Email:",row.email)

SQLAlchemy enviará la siguiente expresión SQL:

SELECT customers.id 
AS customers_id, customers.name 
AS customers_name, customers.address 
AS customers_address, customers.email 
AS customers_email
FROM customers
WHERE customers.id = ?

La salida para el código anterior es la siguiente:

ID: 2 Name: Komal Pande Address: Banjara Hills Secunderabad Email: [email protected]

No es igual

El operador utilizado para no es igual es! = Y proporciona criterios de no es igual.

result = session.query(Customers).filter(Customers.id! = 2)

for row in result:
   print ("ID:", row.id, "Name: ",row.name, "Address:",row.address, "Email:",row.email)

La expresión SQL resultante es:

SELECT customers.id 
AS customers_id, customers.name 
AS customers_name, customers.address 
AS customers_address, customers.email 
AS customers_email
FROM customers
WHERE customers.id != ?

El resultado de las líneas de código anteriores es el siguiente:

ID: 1 Name: Ravi Kumar Address: Station Road Nanded Email: [email protected]
ID: 3 Name: Rajender Nath Address: Sector 40, Gurgaon Email: [email protected]
ID: 4 Name: S.M.Krishna Address: Budhwar Peth, Pune Email: [email protected]

Me gusta

El método like () en sí mismo produce los criterios LIKE para la cláusula WHERE en la expresión SELECT.

result = session.query(Customers).filter(Customers.name.like('Ra%'))
for row in result:
   print ("ID:", row.id, "Name: ",row.name, "Address:",row.address, "Email:",row.email)

El código anterior de SQLAlchemy es equivalente a la siguiente expresión SQL:

SELECT customers.id 
AS customers_id, customers.name 
AS customers_name, customers.address 
AS customers_address, customers.email 
AS customers_email
FROM customers
WHERE customers.name LIKE ?

Y la salida para el código anterior es:

ID: 1 Name: Ravi Kumar Address: Station Road Nanded Email: [email protected]
ID: 3 Name: Rajender Nath Address: Sector 40, Gurgaon Email: [email protected]

EN

Este operador comprueba si el valor de la columna pertenece a una colección de elementos de una lista. Es proporcionado por el método in_ ().

result = session.query(Customers).filter(Customers.id.in_([1,3]))
for row in result:
   print ("ID:", row.id, "Name: ",row.name, "Address:",row.address, "Email:",row.email)

Aquí, la expresión SQL evaluada por el motor SQLite será la siguiente:

SELECT customers.id 
AS customers_id, customers.name 
AS customers_name, customers.address 
AS customers_address, customers.email 
AS customers_email
FROM customers
WHERE customers.id IN (?, ?)

La salida para el código anterior es la siguiente:

ID: 1 Name: Ravi Kumar Address: Station Road Nanded Email: [email protected]
ID: 3 Name: Rajender Nath Address: Sector 40, Gurgaon Email: [email protected]

Y

Esta conjunción es generada por putting multiple commas separated criteria in the filter or using and_() method como se indica a continuación -

result = session.query(Customers).filter(Customers.id>2, Customers.name.like('Ra%'))
for row in result:
   print ("ID:", row.id, "Name: ",row.name, "Address:",row.address, "Email:",row.email)

from sqlalchemy import and_
result = session.query(Customers).filter(and_(Customers.id>2, Customers.name.like('Ra%')))

for row in result:
   print ("ID:", row.id, "Name: ",row.name, "Address:",row.address, "Email:",row.email)

Ambos enfoques anteriores dan como resultado una expresión SQL similar:

SELECT customers.id 
AS customers_id, customers.name 
AS customers_name, customers.address 
AS customers_address, customers.email 
AS customers_email
FROM customers
WHERE customers.id > ? AND customers.name LIKE ?

El resultado de las líneas de código anteriores es:

ID: 3 Name: Rajender Nath Address: Sector 40, Gurgaon Email: [email protected]

O

Esta conjunción es implementada por or_() method.

from sqlalchemy import or_
result = session.query(Customers).filter(or_(Customers.id>2, Customers.name.like('Ra%')))

for row in result:
   print ("ID:", row.id, "Name: ",row.name, "Address:",row.address, "Email:",row.email)

Como resultado, el motor SQLite obtiene la siguiente expresión SQL equivalente:

SELECT customers.id 
AS customers_id, customers.name 
AS customers_name, customers.address 
AS customers_address, customers.email 
AS customers_email
FROM customers
WHERE customers.id > ? OR customers.name LIKE ?

La salida para el código anterior es la siguiente:

ID: 1 Name: Ravi Kumar Address: Station Road Nanded Email: [email protected]
ID: 3 Name: Rajender Nath Address: Sector 40, Gurgaon Email: [email protected]
ID: 4 Name: S.M.Krishna Address: Budhwar Peth, Pune Email: [email protected]