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¿Cómo puedo cambiar el fondo de escritorio con python?

Question

¿Cómo puedo cambiar el fondo de escritorio con python?

Quiero hacerlo tanto en Windows como en Linux.

Answer 1

cambiando la imagen de fondo del escritorio

 import ctypes
import os
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, ''your image path'', 3)
#''C://Users//Public//Pictures//abc.jpg''

funcionó bien para mí windows10, python27

Answer 2

En Windows con python2.5 o superior, use ctypes para cargar user32.dll y llame a SystemParametersInfo() con la acción SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER.

Por ejemplo:

import ctypes
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, "image.jpg" , 0)

Answer 3

En Windows, necesitará algunos trucos con pywin32 , y la API de Windows , en ''linux'', la respuesta dependerá de qué escritorio se esté ejecutando: KDE, Gnome o algo más exótico. Bajo KDE (y tal vez Gnome) probablemente pueda enviar un mensaje usando D-Bus, lo que podría hacer sin incluir bibliotecas nuevas usando la herramienta de línea de comandos dbus-send.

La otra opción sería configurar el fondo de escritorio en un archivo que luego edite / reemplace desde Python, pero esto probablemente solo provocará un cambio cuando el usuario inicie sesión.

Answer 4

En gnome, probablemente es preferible usar el enlace python de gconf directamente:

import gconf
conf = gconf.client_get_default()
conf.set_string(''/desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename'',''/path/to/filename.jpg'')

Answer 5

En primer lugar, ctypes importación: le da acceso a componentes de Windows como el protector de pantalla, fondos de pantalla, etc.

Luego llame a ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(a,b,c,d) :

a = 20

b = 0

c = La ruta COMPLETA de la imagen. No solo la ruta del directorio activo

d = 0

Answer 6

En un escritorio de gnome, usualmente haces esto con gconf, ya sea llamando directamente a gconftool o usando el módulo pycon de gconf. Este último está en el enlace dado por unutbu. El primer método se podría hacer así.

import commands
command = "gconftool-2 --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename --type string ''/path/to/file.jpg''"
status, output = commands.getstatusoutput(command) # status=0 if success

Answer 7

Hay una diferencia a la que se debe llamar al método SystemParametersInfo en función de si está ejecutando un sistema operativo de 64 bits o de 32 bits. Para 64 bits tiene que usar SystemParametersInfoW (Unicode) y para 32 bits SystemParametersInfoA (ANSI)

import struct
import ctypes
SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
WALLPAPER_PATH = ''C://your_file_name.jpg''
def is_64_windows():
"""Find out how many bits is OS. """
return struct.calcsize(''P'') * 8 == 64
def get_sys_parameters_info():
"""Based on if this is 32bit or 64bit returns correct version of SystemParametersInfo function. """
return ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW if is_64_windows() /
else ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA
def change_wallpaper():
sys_parameters_info = get_sys_parameters_info()
r = sys_parameters_info(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, WALLPAPER_PATH, 3)
# When the SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER flag is used,
# SystemParametersInfo returns TRUE
# unless there is an error (like when the specified file doesn''t exist).
if not r:
print(ctypes.WinError())
change_wallpaper()

Answer 8

Para Python3.5, SystemParametersInfoA no funciona. Utilice SystemParametersInfoW.

import ctypes
ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoW(20, 0, "absolute path" , 0)

Answer 9

Utilizo el siguiente método en uno de mis proyectos iniciales:

 def set_wallpaper(self,file_loc, first_run):
# Note: There are two common Linux desktop environments where
# I have not been able to set the desktop background from
# command line: KDE, Enlightenment
desktop_env = self.get_desktop_environment()
try:
if desktop_env in ["gnome", "unity", "cinnamon"]:
uri = "''file://%s''" % file_loc
try:
SCHEMA = "org.gnome.desktop.background"
KEY = "picture-uri"
gsettings = Gio.Settings.new(SCHEMA)
gsettings.set_string(KEY, uri)
except:
args = ["gsettings", "set", "org.gnome.desktop.background", "picture-uri", uri]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="mate":
try: # MATE >= 1.6
# info from http://wiki.mate-desktop.org/docs:gsettings
args = ["gsettings", "set", "org.mate.background", "picture-filename", "''%s''" % file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
except: # MATE < 1.6
# From https://bugs.launchpad.net/variety/+bug/1033918
args = ["mateconftool-2","-t","string","--set","/desktop/mate/background/picture_filename",''"%s"'' %file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="gnome2": # Not tested
# From https://bugs.launchpad.net/variety/+bug/1033918
args = ["gconftool-2","-t","string","--set","/desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename", ''"%s"'' %file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
## KDE4 is difficult
## see http://blog.zx2c4.com/699 for a solution that might work
elif desktop_env in ["kde3", "trinity"]:
# From http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-803417.html
args = ''dcop kdesktop KBackgroundIface setWallpaper 0 "%s" 6'' % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
elif desktop_env=="xfce4":
#From http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/2055/change-wallpaper-for-xfce4-4.6.0
if first_run:
args0 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-path", "-s", file_loc]
args1 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-style", "-s", "3"]
args2 = ["xfconf-query", "-c", "xfce4-desktop", "-p", "/backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-show", "-s", "true"]
subprocess.Popen(args0)
subprocess.Popen(args1)
subprocess.Popen(args2)
args = ["xfdesktop","--reload"]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="razor-qt": #TODO: implement reload of desktop when possible
if first_run:
desktop_conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
# Development version
desktop_conf_file = os.path.join(self.get_config_dir("razor"),"desktop.conf")
if os.path.isfile(desktop_conf_file):
config_option = r"screens/1/desktops/1/wallpaper"
else:
desktop_conf_file = os.path.join(self.get_home_dir(),".razor/desktop.conf")
config_option = r"desktops/1/wallpaper"
desktop_conf.read(os.path.join(desktop_conf_file))
try:
if desktop_conf.has_option("razor",config_option): #only replacing a value
desktop_conf.set("razor",config_option,file_loc)
with codecs.open(desktop_conf_file, "w", encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as f:
desktop_conf.write(f)
except:
pass
else:
#TODO: reload desktop when possible
pass
elif desktop_env in ["fluxbox","jwm","openbox","afterstep"]:
#http://fluxbox-wiki.org/index.php/Howto_set_the_background
# used fbsetbg on jwm too since I am too lazy to edit the XML configuration
# now where fbsetbg does the job excellent anyway.
# and I have not figured out how else it can be set on Openbox and AfterSTep
# but fbsetbg works excellent here too.
try:
args = ["fbsetbg", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
except:
sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Failed to set wallpaper with fbsetbg!/n")
sys.stderr.write("Please make sre that You have fbsetbg installed./n")
elif desktop_env=="icewm":
# command found at http://urukrama.wordpress.com/2007/12/05/desktop-backgrounds-in-window-managers/
args = ["icewmbg", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="blackbox":
# command found at http://blackboxwm.sourceforge.net/BlackboxDocumentation/BlackboxBackground
args = ["bsetbg", "-full", file_loc]
subprocess.Popen(args)
elif desktop_env=="lxde":
args = "pcmanfm --set-wallpaper %s --wallpaper-mode=scaled" % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
elif desktop_env=="windowmaker":
# From http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/3857/set-wallpaper-on-windowmaker-in-one-line
args = "wmsetbg -s -u %s" % file_loc
subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
## NOT TESTED BELOW - don''t want to mess things up ##
#elif desktop_env=="enlightenment": # I have not been able to make it work on e17. On e16 it would have been something in this direction
# args = "enlightenment_remote -desktop-bg-add 0 0 0 0 %s" % file_loc
# subprocess.Popen(args,shell=True)
#elif desktop_env=="windows": #Not tested since I do not run this on Windows
# #From https://.com/questions/1977694/change-desktop-background
# import ctypes
# SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER = 20
# ctypes.windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, file_loc , 0)
#elif desktop_env=="mac": #Not tested since I do not have a mac
# #From https://.com/questions/431205/how-can-i-programatically-change-the-background-in-mac-os-x
# try:
# from appscript import app, mactypes
# app(''Finder'').desktop_picture.set(mactypes.File(file_loc))
# except ImportError:
# #import subprocess
# SCRIPT = """/usr/bin/osascript<<END
# tell application "Finder" to
# set desktop picture to POSIX file "%s"
# end tell
# END"""
# subprocess.Popen(SCRIPT%file_loc, shell=True)
else:
if first_run: #don''t spam the user with the same message over and over again
sys.stderr.write("Warning: Failed to set wallpaper. Your desktop environment is not supported.")
sys.stderr.write("You can try manually to set Your wallpaper to %s" % file_loc)
return False
return True
except:
sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Failed to set wallpaper. There might be a bug./n")
return False
def get_config_dir(self, app_name=APP_NAME):
if "XDG_CONFIG_HOME" in os.environ:
confighome = os.environ[''XDG_CONFIG_HOME'']
elif "APPDATA" in os.environ: # On Windows
confighome = os.environ[''APPDATA'']
else:
try:
from xdg import BaseDirectory
confighome = BaseDirectory.xdg_config_home
except ImportError: # Most likely a Linux/Unix system anyway
confighome = os.path.join(self.get_home_dir(),".config")
configdir = os.path.join(confighome,app_name)
return configdir
def get_home_dir(self):
if sys.platform == "cygwin":
home_dir = os.getenv(''HOME'')
else:
home_dir = os.getenv(''USERPROFILE'') or os.getenv(''HOME'')
if home_dir is not None:
return os.path.normpath(home_dir)
else:
raise KeyError("Neither USERPROFILE or HOME environment variables set.")

El método get_desktop_environment se ha publicado en otro hilo .