java - Crear gráfico de barras en Excel con Apache POI

charts apache-poi

Question

Estoy tratando de crear un gráfico de barras en una hoja de cálculo XLSX usando Apache POI, pero Excel sigue diciendo que hay un problema con el contenido y eliminando el gráfico cuando intento abrir el archivo. Aquí está el código completo de lo que estoy tratando de hacer:

public static void createBarChart() {

        Workbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet2");
        Row row;
        Cell cell;

        row = sheet.createRow(0);
        row.createCell(0);
        row.createCell(1).setCellValue("HEADER 1");
        row.createCell(2).setCellValue("HEADER 2");
        row.createCell(3).setCellValue("HEADER 3");

        for (int r = 1; r < 5; r++) {
            row = sheet.createRow(r);
            cell = row.createCell(0);
            cell.setCellValue("Serie " + r);
            cell = row.createCell(1);
            cell.setCellValue(123);
            cell = row.createCell(2);
            cell.setCellValue(456);
            cell = row.createCell(3);
            cell.setCellValue(789);
        }

        Drawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
        ClientAnchor anchor = drawing.createAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 20);

        Chart chart = drawing.createChart(anchor);

        CTChart ctChart = ((XSSFChart) chart).getCTChart();

        ctChart.addNewTitle();

        CTPlotArea ctPlotArea = ctChart.getPlotArea();
        CTBarChart ctBarChart = ctPlotArea.addNewBarChart();

        ctBarChart.addNewBarDir().setVal(STBarDir.COL);
        ctBarChart.addNewGrouping().setVal(STBarGrouping.CLUSTERED);
        ctBarChart.addNewVaryColors().setVal(false);

        // First series
        CTBarSer ctBarSer = ctBarChart.addNewSer();

        ctBarSer.addNewIdx().setVal(0);
        ctBarSer.addNewOrder().setVal(0);

        // [01] Title
        CTSerTx ctSerTx = ctBarSer.addNewTx();
        CTStrRef ctSerTxStrRef = ctSerTx.addNewStrRef();
        ctSerTxStrRef.setF("Sheet2!$A$2");

        CTStrData strCache = ctSerTxStrRef.addNewStrCache();
        strCache.addNewPtCount().setVal(1);
        CTStrVal newPt = strCache.addNewPt();
        newPt.setV("Serie 1");
        newPt.setIdx(0);

        // [01] SpPr
        CTShapeProperties spPr = ctBarSer.addNewSpPr();
        CTSolidColorFillProperties solidFill = spPr.addNewSolidFill();
        solidFill.addNewSchemeClr().setVal(STSchemeColorValImpl.ACCENT_1);
        spPr.addNewLn().addNewNoFill();
        spPr.addNewEffectLst();

        // [01] Invert if negative
        ctBarSer.addNewInvertIfNegative().setVal(false);

        // [01] Series titles
        CTAxDataSource newCat = ctBarSer.addNewCat();
        CTStrRef addNewStrRef = newCat.addNewStrRef();
        addNewStrRef.setF("Sheet2!$B$1:$D$1");

        CTStrData addNewStrCache = addNewStrRef.addNewStrCache();
        addNewStrCache.addNewPtCount().setVal(3);

        CTStrVal pt1 = addNewStrCache.addNewPt();
        pt1.setIdx(0);
        pt1.setV(sheet.getRow(0).getCell(1).getStringCellValue());

        CTStrVal pt2 = addNewStrCache.addNewPt();
        pt2.setIdx(1);
        pt2.setV(sheet.getRow(0).getCell(2).getStringCellValue());

        CTStrVal pt3 = addNewStrCache.addNewPt();
        pt3.setIdx(2);
        pt3.setV(sheet.getRow(0).getCell(3).getStringCellValue());

        // [01] Series values
        CTNumDataSource newVal = ctBarSer.addNewVal();
        CTNumRef numRef = newVal.addNewNumRef();
        numRef.setF("Sheet2!$B$2:$D$2");
        CTNumData numCache = numRef.addNewNumCache();
        numCache.addNewPtCount().setVal(3);

        CTNumVal numpt1 = numCache.addNewPt();
        numpt1.setIdx(0);
        numpt1.setV(String.valueOf(sheet.getRow(1).getCell(1).getNumericCellValue()));

        CTNumVal numpt2 = numCache.addNewPt();
        numpt2.setIdx(1);
        numpt2.setV(String.valueOf(sheet.getRow(1).getCell(2).getNumericCellValue()));

        CTNumVal numpt3 = numCache.addNewPt();
        numpt3.setIdx(2);
        numpt3.setV(String.valueOf(sheet.getRow(1).getCell(3).getNumericCellValue()));

        // dLbls
        CTDLbls dLbls = ctBarChart.addNewDLbls();
        dLbls.addNewShowBubbleSize().setVal(false);
        dLbls.addNewShowLegendKey().setVal(false);
        dLbls.addNewShowCatName().setVal(false);
        dLbls.addNewShowSerName().setVal(false);
        dLbls.addNewShowPercent().setVal(false);
        dLbls.addNewShowVal().setVal(false);

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("barchart.xlsx");
        wb.write(fileOut);
        wb.close();
        fileOut.close();
    }

¿Alguien puede ayudarme a encontrar (y, bueno, resolver) el problema? ¡Gracias por adelantado!

Answer 1

Con Apache-Poi 4.0 podemos lograrlo con un código mínimo. El siguiente ejemplo está disponible con el ejemplo de apache poi. Ahora el método createChart está disponible con todos los formatos (Excel / DOCX / PPTX).

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.PresetColor;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.XDDFColor;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.XDDFShapeProperties;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.XDDFSolidFillProperties;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.AxisCrosses;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.AxisPosition;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.BarDirection;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.ChartTypes;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.LegendPosition;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.XDDFBarChartData;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.XDDFCategoryAxis;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.XDDFChartData;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.XDDFChartLegend;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.XDDFDataSource;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.XDDFDataSourcesFactory;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.XDDFNumericalDataSource;
import org.apache.poi.xddf.usermodel.chart.XDDFValueAxis;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFChart;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFDrawing;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;

public class BarChart {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        try (XSSFWorkbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook()) {
            XSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("barchart");
            final int NUM_OF_ROWS = 3;
            final int NUM_OF_COLUMNS = 10;

            // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
            Row row;
            Cell cell;
            for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < NUM_OF_ROWS; rowIndex++) {
                row = sheet.createRow((short) rowIndex);
                for (int colIndex = 0; colIndex < NUM_OF_COLUMNS; colIndex++) {
                    cell = row.createCell((short) colIndex);
                    cell.setCellValue(colIndex * (rowIndex + 1.0));
                }
            }

            XSSFDrawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
            XSSFClientAnchor anchor = drawing.createAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 10, 15);

            XSSFChart chart = drawing.createChart(anchor);
            chart.setTitleText("BarChart");
            chart.setTitleOverlay(false);
            XDDFChartLegend legend = chart.getOrAddLegend();
            legend.setPosition(LegendPosition.TOP_RIGHT);

            // Use a category axis for the bottom axis.
            XDDFCategoryAxis bottomAxis = chart.createCategoryAxis(AxisPosition.BOTTOM);
            bottomAxis.setTitle("x"); 
            XDDFValueAxis leftAxis = chart.createValueAxis(AxisPosition.LEFT);
            leftAxis.setTitle("f(x)");
            leftAxis.setCrosses(AxisCrosses.AUTO_ZERO);

            XDDFDataSource<Double> xs = XDDFDataSourcesFactory.fromNumericCellRange(sheet, new CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 0, NUM_OF_COLUMNS - 1));
            XDDFNumericalDataSource<Double> ys1 = XDDFDataSourcesFactory.fromNumericCellRange(sheet, new CellRangeAddress(1, 1, 0, NUM_OF_COLUMNS - 1));
            XDDFNumericalDataSource<Double> ys2 = XDDFDataSourcesFactory.fromNumericCellRange(sheet, new CellRangeAddress(2, 2, 0, NUM_OF_COLUMNS - 1));

            XDDFChartData data = chart.createData(ChartTypes.BAR, bottomAxis, leftAxis);
            XDDFChartData.Series series1 = data.addSeries(xs, ys1);
            series1.setTitle("2x", null);
            XDDFChartData.Series series2 = data.addSeries(xs, ys2);
            series2.setTitle("3x", null);
            chart.plot(data);

            // in order to transform a bar chart into a column chart, you just need to change the bar direction
            XDDFBarChartData bar = (XDDFBarChartData) data;
            bar.setBarDirection(BarDirection.COL);
            // looking for "Stacked Bar Chart"? uncomment the following line
            // bar.setBarGrouping(BarGrouping.STACKED);

            solidFillSeries(data, 0, PresetColor.CHARTREUSE);
            solidFillSeries(data, 1, PresetColor.TURQUOISE);

            // Write the output to a file
            try (FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("ooxml-bar-chart.xlsx")) {
                wb.write(fileOut);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void solidFillSeries(XDDFChartData data, int index, PresetColor color) {
        XDDFSolidFillProperties fill = new XDDFSolidFillProperties(XDDFColor.from(color));
        XDDFChartData.Series series = data.getSeries().get(index);
        XDDFShapeProperties properties = series.getShapeProperties();
        if (properties == null) {
            properties = new XDDFShapeProperties();
        }
        properties.setFillProperties(fill);
        series.setShapeProperties(properties);
    }
}

Answer 2

Este es el código para crear el gráfico de barras (en realidad, crear el gráfico de columnas) en Excel usando XSSF para Excel 2007 y superior usando el paquete nuget NPOI 2.4.1.

private XSSFWorkbook createBarchart()
    { 
        XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        XSSFSheet sheet = (XSSFSheet)workbook.CreateSheet("WorkForceAnalytics");

        XSSFCellStyle styleHeader = (XSSFCellStyle)workbook.CreateCellStyle();
        styleHeader.Alignment = NPOI.SS.UserModel.HorizontalAlignment.Center;
        styleHeader.SetFont(getNewXSSFFont(workbook, styleHeader));

        XSSFCellStyle style = (XSSFCellStyle)workbook.CreateCellStyle();
        style.Alignment = NPOI.SS.UserModel.HorizontalAlignment.Left;


        XSSFRow row1 = (XSSFRow)sheet.CreateRow(0);
        row1.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue("");

        List<string> lstdatase = new List<string>(4);
        lstdatase.Add("A1");
        lstdatase.Add("B1");
        lstdatase.Add("C1");
        lstdatase.Add("D1");
        lstdatase.Add("E1");

        for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
        {
            row1.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(lstdatase[i - 1].ToString());
            row1.GetCell(i).CellStyle = styleHeader;
        }

        int rowvalue = 1;
        List<string> lstdata = new List<string>(8);
        lstdata.Add("A");
        lstdata.Add("B");
        lstdata.Add("C");
        lstdata.Add("D");
        lstdata.Add("E");
        lstdata.Add("F");
        lstdata.Add("G");
        lstdata.Add("H");

        int d = 10;

        XSSFDrawing drawing = (XSSFDrawing)sheet.CreateDrawingPatriarch();
        XSSFClientAnchor anchor = (XSSFClientAnchor)drawing.CreateAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 1, 15, 18);

        IChart chart = drawing.CreateChart(anchor); 
        IChartLegend legend = chart.GetOrCreateLegend();    
        legend.Position = (LegendPosition.TopRight);

        IBarChartData<string, double> data = chart.ChartDataFactory.CreateBarChartData<string, double>();   

        IChartAxis bottomAxis = chart.ChartAxisFactory.CreateCategoryAxis(AxisPosition.Bottom); 
        IValueAxis leftAxis = chart.ChartAxisFactory.CreateValueAxis(AxisPosition.Left);
        leftAxis.Crosses = AxisCrosses.AutoZero;
        leftAxis.SetCrossBetween(AxisCrossBetween.Between); 

        IChartDataSource<string> xs = DataSources.FromStringCellRange(sheet, new NPOI.SS.Util.CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 1, 5-1));

        for (int ii = 0; ii < 8; ii++)
        {
            XSSFRow rownew = (XSSFRow)sheet.CreateRow(rowvalue);
            rownew.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(lstdata[ii].ToString());

            for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
            {
                rownew.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(d);
                d++;
                rownew.GetCell(i).CellStyle = style;
            }
            rowvalue++;


            IChartDataSource<double> ys = DataSources.FromNumericCellRange(sheet, new NPOI.SS.Util.CellRangeAddress(ii + 1, ii + 1, 1, 5 - 1));
            data.AddSeries(xs, ys).SetTitle(lstdata[ii].ToString()); 
        } 

        chart.Plot(data, bottomAxis, leftAxis);

        sheet.ForceFormulaRecalculation = true;

        string fileName = "WorkforceAnalyticsReport.xlsx";
        using (var exportData = new MemoryStream())
        {
            Response.Clear();
            workbook.Write(exportData);
            Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet";
            Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", string.Format("attachment;filename={0}", fileName));
            Response.BinaryWrite(exportData.ToArray());
            Response.End();
        }
        return workbook;
    }

Answer 3

Uf, parto difícil ;-). Para usuarios sin conocimiento de los antecedentes, Apache POI solo admite ScatterCharts y LineCharts, ¿por qué? . Se describe cómo proceder en principio.

Como ya he dicho. Tome el gráfico de barras más simple posible para probar primero. Esa es una serie con dos valores. Entonces habrás visto que has olvidado por completo los ejes en tu código. Un gráfico circular no tiene ejes. Por eso allí no son necesarios. Pero un gráfico de barras no funcionará sin ejes.

En cambio, puede olvidar sin escrúpulos todas las cosas que se llama "caché".

Si se necesitan otras cosas se determina por prueba y error. También se puede leer la recomendación de Office OpenXML . Probablemente, la falta de todos los elementos que tienen minOccurs <> "0" `lleva a eliminar el Dibujo al abrir el Libro de Trabajo.

Ejemplo simple para un gráfico de barras:

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.charts.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFChart;

import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTChart;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTPlotArea;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTBarChart;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTBoolean;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTBarSer;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTAxDataSource;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTNumDataSource;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTNumRef;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTStrRef;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTSerTx;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTCatAx;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTValAx;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTScaling;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.CTLegend;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.STAxPos;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.STBarDir;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.STOrientation;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.STLegendPos;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.chart.STTickLblPos;

public class BarChart {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Workbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");

        Row row;
        Cell cell;

        row = sheet.createRow(0);
        row.createCell(0);
        row.createCell(1).setCellValue("HEADER 1");
        row.createCell(2).setCellValue("HEADER 2");
        row.createCell(3).setCellValue("HEADER 3");

        for (int r = 1; r < 5; r++) {
            row = sheet.createRow(r);
            cell = row.createCell(0);
            cell.setCellValue("Serie " + r);
            cell = row.createCell(1);
            cell.setCellValue(new java.util.Random().nextDouble());
            cell = row.createCell(2);
            cell.setCellValue(new java.util.Random().nextDouble());
            cell = row.createCell(3);
            cell.setCellValue(new java.util.Random().nextDouble());
        }

        Drawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
        ClientAnchor anchor = drawing.createAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 8, 20);

        Chart chart = drawing.createChart(anchor);

        CTChart ctChart = ((XSSFChart)chart).getCTChart();
        CTPlotArea ctPlotArea = ctChart.getPlotArea();
        CTBarChart ctBarChart = ctPlotArea.addNewBarChart();
        CTBoolean ctBoolean = ctBarChart.addNewVaryColors();
        ctBoolean.setVal(true);
        ctBarChart.addNewBarDir().setVal(STBarDir.COL);

        for (int r = 2; r < 6; r++) {
           CTBarSer ctBarSer = ctBarChart.addNewSer();
           CTSerTx ctSerTx = ctBarSer.addNewTx();
           CTStrRef ctStrRef = ctSerTx.addNewStrRef();
           ctStrRef.setF("Sheet1!$A$" + r);
           ctBarSer.addNewIdx().setVal(r-2);  
           CTAxDataSource cttAxDataSource = ctBarSer.addNewCat();
           ctStrRef = cttAxDataSource.addNewStrRef();
           ctStrRef.setF("Sheet1!$B$1:$D$1"); 
           CTNumDataSource ctNumDataSource = ctBarSer.addNewVal();
           CTNumRef ctNumRef = ctNumDataSource.addNewNumRef();
           ctNumRef.setF("Sheet1!$B$" + r + ":$D$" + r);

           //at least the border lines in Libreoffice Calc ;-)
           ctBarSer.addNewSpPr().addNewLn().addNewSolidFill().addNewSrgbClr().setVal(new byte[] {0,0,0});   

        } 

        //telling the BarChart that it has axes and giving them Ids
        ctBarChart.addNewAxId().setVal(123456);
        ctBarChart.addNewAxId().setVal(123457);

        //cat axis
        CTCatAx ctCatAx = ctPlotArea.addNewCatAx(); 
        ctCatAx.addNewAxId().setVal(123456); //id of the cat axis
        CTScaling ctScaling = ctCatAx.addNewScaling();
        ctScaling.addNewOrientation().setVal(STOrientation.MIN_MAX);
        ctCatAx.addNewDelete().setVal(false);
        ctCatAx.addNewAxPos().setVal(STAxPos.B);
        ctCatAx.addNewCrossAx().setVal(123457); //id of the val axis
        ctCatAx.addNewTickLblPos().setVal(STTickLblPos.NEXT_TO);

        //val axis
        CTValAx ctValAx = ctPlotArea.addNewValAx(); 
        ctValAx.addNewAxId().setVal(123457); //id of the val axis
        ctScaling = ctValAx.addNewScaling();
        ctScaling.addNewOrientation().setVal(STOrientation.MIN_MAX);
        ctValAx.addNewDelete().setVal(false);
        ctValAx.addNewAxPos().setVal(STAxPos.L);
        ctValAx.addNewCrossAx().setVal(123456); //id of the cat axis
        ctValAx.addNewTickLblPos().setVal(STTickLblPos.NEXT_TO);

        //legend
        CTLegend ctLegend = ctChart.addNewLegend();
        ctLegend.addNewLegendPos().setVal(STLegendPos.B);
        ctLegend.addNewOverlay().setVal(false);

System.out.println(ctChart);

        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("BarChart.xlsx");
        wb.write(fileOut);
        fileOut.close();
    }
}

Este ejemplo necesita el frasco completo de todos los esquemas ooxml-schemas-1.3.jar como se menciona en el FAQ-N10025 .