tablas - foreign key oracle ejemplo
Lista de claves foráneas y las tablas a las que hacen referencia (15)
Estoy tratando de encontrar una consulta que me devuelva una lista de las claves foráneas para una tabla y las tablas y columnas a las que hacen referencia. Estoy a mitad de camino con
SELECT a.table_name,
a.column_name,
a.constraint_name,
c.owner
FROM ALL_CONS_COLUMNS A, ALL_CONSTRAINTS C
where A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
and a.table_name=:TableName
and C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = ''R''
Pero aún necesito saber a qué tabla y clave primaria se hace referencia con esta clave. ¿Cómo lo conseguiría?
Aquí hay otra solución. Usar las vistas predeterminadas de sys es muy lento (aproximadamente 10s en mi situación). Esto es mucho más rápido que eso (aproximadamente 0.5s).
SELECT
CONST.NAME AS CONSTRAINT_NAME,
RCONST.NAME AS REF_CONSTRAINT_NAME,
OBJ.NAME AS TABLE_NAME,
COALESCE(ACOL.NAME, COL.NAME) AS COLUMN_NAME,
CCOL.POS# AS POSITION,
ROBJ.NAME AS REF_TABLE_NAME,
COALESCE(RACOL.NAME, RCOL.NAME) AS REF_COLUMN_NAME,
RCCOL.POS# AS REF_POSITION
FROM SYS.CON$ CONST
INNER JOIN SYS.CDEF$ CDEF ON CDEF.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ CCOL ON CCOL.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ COL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = COL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = COL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ OBJ ON CCOL.OBJ# = OBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ ACOL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = ACOL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = ACOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.CON$ RCONST ON RCONST.CON# = CDEF.RCON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ RCCOL ON RCCOL.CON# = RCONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ RCOL ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RCOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RCOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ ROBJ ON RCCOL.OBJ# = ROBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ RACOL ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RACOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RACOL.INTCOL#)
WHERE CONST.OWNER# = userenv(''SCHEMAID'')
AND RCONST.OWNER# = userenv(''SCHEMAID'')
AND CDEF.TYPE# = 4 /* ''R'' Referential/Foreign Key */;
Aquí hay un script multiuso que utilizamos que ha sido increíblemente útil.
Guárdelo para que pueda ejecutarlo directamente (@ fkeys.sql). Le permitirá buscar por Propietario y la tabla principal o secundaria y mostrar relaciones de clave externa. La secuencia de comandos actual se distribuye explícitamente a C: / SQLRPTS, por lo que deberá crear esa carpeta de cambio de esa línea a algo que desee usar.
REM ########################################################################
REM ##
REM ## fkeys.sql
REM ##
REM ## Displays the foreign key relationships
REM ##
REM #######################################################################
CLEAR BREAK
CLEAR COL
SET LINES 200
SET PAGES 54
SET NEWPAGE 0
SET WRAP OFF
SET VERIFY OFF
SET FEEDBACK OFF
break on table_name skip 2 on constraint_name on r_table_name skip 1
column CHILDCOL format a60 head ''CHILD COLUMN''
column PARENTCOL format a60 head ''PARENT COLUMN''
column constraint_name format a30 head ''FK CONSTRAINT NAME''
column delete_rule format a15
column bt noprint
column bo noprint
TTITLE LEFT _DATE CENTER ''FOREIGN KEY RELATIONSHIPS ON &new_prompt'' RIGHT ''PAGE:''FORMAT 999 SQL.PNO SKIP 2
SPOOL C:/SQLRPTS/FKeys_&new_prompt
ACCEPT OWNER_NAME PROMPT ''Enter Table Owner (or blank for all): ''
ACCEPT PARENT_TABLE_NAME PROMPT ''Enter Parent Table or leave blank for all: ''
ACCEPT CHILD_TABLE_NAME PROMPT ''Enter Child Table or leave blank for all: ''
select b.owner || ''.'' || b.table_name || ''.'' || b.column_name CHILDCOL,
b.position,
c.owner || ''.'' || c.table_name || ''.'' || c.column_name PARENTCOL,
a.constraint_name,
a.delete_rule,
b.table_name bt,
b.owner bo
from all_cons_columns b,
all_cons_columns c,
all_constraints a
where b.constraint_name = a.constraint_name
and a.owner = b.owner
and b.position = c.position
and c.constraint_name = a.r_constraint_name
and c.owner = a.r_owner
and a.constraint_type = ''R''
and c.owner like case when upper(''&OWNER_NAME'') is null then ''%''
else upper(''&OWNER_NAME'') end
and c.table_name like case when upper(''&PARENT_TABLE_NAME'') is null then ''%''
else upper(''&PARENT_TABLE_NAME'') end
and b.table_name like case when upper(''&CHILD_TABLE_NAME'') is null then ''%''
else upper(''&CHILD_TABLE_NAME'') end
order by 7,6,4,2
/
SPOOL OFF
TTITLE OFF
SET FEEDBACK ON
SET VERIFY ON
CLEAR BREAK
CLEAR COL
SET PAGES 24
SET LINES 100
SET NEWPAGE 1
UNDEF OWNER
En caso de que uno quiera crear restricciones FK desde la tabla de entorno UAT a Live, active la consulta dinámica debajo de .....
SELECT ''ALTER TABLE ''||OBJ.NAME||'' ADD CONSTRAINT ''||CONST.NAME||'' FOREIGN KEY (''||COALESCE(ACOL.NAME, COL.NAME)||'') REFERENCES ''
||ROBJ.NAME ||'' (''||COALESCE(RACOL.NAME, RCOL.NAME) ||'');''
FROM SYS.CON$ CONST
INNER JOIN SYS.CDEF$ CDEF ON CDEF.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ CCOL ON CCOL.CON# = CONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ COL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = COL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = COL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ OBJ ON CCOL.OBJ# = OBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ ACOL ON (CCOL.OBJ# = ACOL.OBJ#) AND (CCOL.INTCOL# = ACOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.CON$ RCONST ON RCONST.CON# = CDEF.RCON#
INNER JOIN SYS.CCOL$ RCCOL ON RCCOL.CON# = RCONST.CON#
INNER JOIN SYS.COL$ RCOL ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RCOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RCOL.INTCOL#)
INNER JOIN SYS.OBJ$ ROBJ ON RCCOL.OBJ# = ROBJ.OBJ#
LEFT JOIN SYS.ATTRCOL$ RACOL ON (RCCOL.OBJ# = RACOL.OBJ#) AND (RCCOL.INTCOL# = RACOL.INTCOL#)
WHERE CONST.OWNER# = userenv(''SCHEMAID'')
AND RCONST.OWNER# = userenv(''SCHEMAID'')
AND CDEF.TYPE# = 4
AND OBJ.NAME = <table_name>;
Es un poco tarde para el autor, pero espero que mi respuesta haya sido útil para alguien que necesita seleccionar claves extranjeras compuestas.
SELECT
"C"."CONSTRAINT_NAME",
"C"."OWNER" AS "SCHEMA_NAME",
"C"."TABLE_NAME",
"COL"."COLUMN_NAME",
"REF_COL"."OWNER" AS "REF_SCHEMA_NAME",
"REF_COL"."TABLE_NAME" AS "REF_TABLE_NAME",
"REF_COL"."COLUMN_NAME" AS "REF_COLUMN_NAME"
FROM
"USER_CONSTRAINTS" "C"
INNER JOIN "USER_CONS_COLUMNS" "COL" ON "COL"."OWNER" = "C"."OWNER"
AND "COL"."CONSTRAINT_NAME" = "C"."CONSTRAINT_NAME"
INNER JOIN "USER_CONS_COLUMNS" "REF_COL" ON "REF_COL"."OWNER" = "C"."R_OWNER"
AND "REF_COL"."CONSTRAINT_NAME" = "C"."R_CONSTRAINT_NAME"
AND "REF_COL"."POSITION" = "COL"."POSITION"
WHERE "C"."TABLE_NAME" = ''TableName'' AND "C"."CONSTRAINT_TYPE" = ''R''
Esto recorrerá la jerarquía de claves foráneas para una tabla y columna determinada y devolverá columnas de hijos y nietos, y todas las tablas descendentes. Utiliza subconsultas para agregar r_table_name y r_column_name a user_constraints, y luego los usa para conectar filas.
select distinct table_name, constraint_name, column_name, r_table_name, position, constraint_type
from (
SELECT uc.table_name,
uc.constraint_name,
cols.column_name,
(select table_name from user_constraints where constraint_name = uc.r_constraint_name)
r_table_name,
(select column_name from user_cons_columns where constraint_name = uc.r_constraint_name and position = cols.position)
r_column_name,
cols.position,
uc.constraint_type
FROM user_constraints uc
inner join user_cons_columns cols on uc.constraint_name = cols.constraint_name
where constraint_type != ''C''
)
start with table_name = ''MY_TABLE_NAME'' and column_name = ''MY_COLUMN_NAME''
connect by nocycle
prior table_name = r_table_name
and prior column_name = r_column_name;
La clave primaria a la que se hace referencia se describe en las columnas r_owner y r_constraint_name de la tabla ALL_CONSTRAINTS . Esto le dará la información que desea:
SELECT a.table_name, a.column_name, a.constraint_name, c.owner,
-- referenced pk
c.r_owner, c_pk.table_name r_table_name, c_pk.constraint_name r_pk
FROM all_cons_columns a
JOIN all_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner
AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
JOIN all_constraints c_pk ON c.r_owner = c_pk.owner
AND c.r_constraint_name = c_pk.constraint_name
WHERE c.constraint_type = ''R''
AND a.table_name = :TableName
Mi versión, en mi humilde opinión, más legible:
SELECT PARENT.TABLE_NAME "PARENT TABLE_NAME"
, PARENT.CONSTRAINT_NAME "PARENT PK CONSTRAINT"
, ''->'' " "
, CHILD.TABLE_NAME "CHILD TABLE_NAME"
, CHILD.COLUMN_NAME "CHILD COLUMN_NAME"
, CHILD.CONSTRAINT_NAME "CHILD CONSTRAINT_NAME"
FROM ALL_CONS_COLUMNS CHILD
, ALL_CONSTRAINTS CT
, ALL_CONSTRAINTS PARENT
WHERE CHILD.OWNER = CT.OWNER
AND CT.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = ''R''
AND CHILD.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CT.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND CT.R_OWNER = PARENT.OWNER
AND CT.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PARENT.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND CHILD.TABLE_NAME = ::table -- table name variable
AND CT.OWNER = ::owner; -- schema variable, could not be needed
Para cargar UserTable (Lista de claves externas y las tablas a las que hacen referencia)
WITH
reference_view AS
(SELECT a.owner, a.table_name, a.constraint_name, a.constraint_type,
a.r_owner, a.r_constraint_name, b.column_name
FROM dba_constraints a, dba_cons_columns b
WHERE
a.owner = b.owner
AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
AND constraint_type = ''R''),
constraint_view AS
(SELECT a.owner a_owner, a.table_name, a.column_name, b.owner b_owner,
b.constraint_name
FROM dba_cons_columns a, dba_constraints b
WHERE a.owner = b.owner
AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
AND b.constraint_type = ''P''
) ,
usertableviewlist AS
(
select TABLE_NAME from user_tables
)
SELECT
rv.table_name FK_Table , rv.column_name FK_Column ,
CV.table_name PK_Table , rv.column_name PK_Column , rv.r_constraint_name Constraint_Name
FROM reference_view rv, constraint_view CV , usertableviewlist UTable
WHERE rv.r_constraint_name = CV.constraint_name AND rv.r_owner = CV.b_owner And UTable.TABLE_NAME = rv.table_name;
Prueba esto:
select * from all_constraints where r_constraint_name in (select constraint_name
from all_constraints where table_name=''YOUR_TABLE_NAME'');
Sé que es un poco tarde para responder, pero déjame responder de todos modos, algunas de las respuestas anteriores son bastante complicadas, por lo tanto, aquí hay una toma mucho más simple.
SELECT a.table_name child_table, a.column_name child_column, a.constraint_name,
b.table_name parent_table, b.column_name parent_column
FROM all_cons_columns a
JOIN all_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
join all_cons_columns b on c.owner = b.owner and c.r_constraint_name = b.constraint_name
WHERE c.constraint_type = ''R''
AND a.table_name = ''your table name''
Si necesita todas las claves externas del usuario, utilice la siguiente secuencia de comandos
SELECT a.constraint_name, a.table_name, a.column_name, c.owner,
c_pk.table_name r_table_name, b.column_name r_column_name
FROM user_cons_columns a
JOIN user_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner
AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
JOIN user_constraints c_pk ON c.r_owner = c_pk.owner
AND c.r_constraint_name = c_pk.constraint_name
JOIN user_cons_columns b ON C_PK.owner = b.owner
AND C_PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME = b.constraint_name AND b.POSITION = a.POSITION
WHERE c.constraint_type = ''R''
basado en el código de Vincent Malgrat
Utilicé el código a continuación y sirvió para mi propósito-
SELECT fk.owner, fk.table_name, col.column_name
FROM dba_constraints pk, dba_constraints fk, dba_cons_columns col
WHERE pk.constraint_name = fk.r_constraint_name
AND fk.constraint_name = col.constraint_name
AND pk.owner = col.owner
AND pk.owner = fk.owner
AND fk.constraint_type = ''R''
AND pk.owner = sys_context(''USERENV'', ''CURRENT_SCHEMA'')
AND pk.table_name = :my_table
AND pk.constraint_type = ''P'';
SELECT a.table_name, a.column_name, a.constraint_name, c.owner,
-- referenced pk
c.r_owner, c_pk.table_name r_table_name, c_pk.constraint_name r_pk
FROM all_cons_columns a
JOIN all_constraints c ON a.owner = c.owner
AND a.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
JOIN all_constraints c_pk ON c.r_owner = c_pk.owner
AND c.r_constraint_name = c_pk.constraint_name
WHERE c.constraint_type = ''R''
AND a.table_name :=TABLE_NAME
AND c.owner :=OWNER_NAME;
WITH reference_view AS
(SELECT a.owner, a.table_name, a.constraint_name, a.constraint_type,
a.r_owner, a.r_constraint_name, b.column_name
FROM dba_constraints a, dba_cons_columns b
WHERE a.owner LIKE UPPER (''SYS'') AND
a.owner = b.owner
AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
AND constraint_type = ''R''),
constraint_view AS
(SELECT a.owner a_owner, a.table_name, a.column_name, b.owner b_owner,
b.constraint_name
FROM dba_cons_columns a, dba_constraints b
WHERE a.owner = b.owner
AND a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
AND b.constraint_type = ''P''
AND a.owner LIKE UPPER (''SYS'')
)
SELECT
rv.table_name FK_Table , rv.column_name FK_Column ,
CV.table_name PK_Table , rv.column_name PK_Column , rv.r_constraint_name Constraint_Name
FROM reference_view rv, constraint_view CV
WHERE rv.r_constraint_name = CV.constraint_name AND rv.r_owner = CV.b_owner;
select d.table_name,
d.constraint_name "Primary Constraint Name",
b.constraint_name "Referenced Constraint Name"
from user_constraints d,
(select c.constraint_name,
c.r_constraint_name,
c.table_name
from user_constraints c
where table_name=''EMPLOYEES'' --your table name instead of EMPLOYEES
and constraint_type=''R'') b
where d.constraint_name=b.r_constraint_name