java - sea - Continúa con JFrame, accediendo al método en diferentes clases

llamar jframe desde jbutton

Question

Así que estoy revisando un generador de números aleatorios que hice hace un tiempo y en lugar de hacerlo en JOptionPane, decidí intentar crearlo en JFrame. Los 2 problemas que tengo es:

1. No puedo entender cómo acceder al número de intentos en la clase "Fácil" de usar para la clase "Jugar de nuevo".

2. ¿Cómo podría volver al principio del programa y comenzar de nuevo en la pantalla Menú si deciden hacer clic en btnPlayAgain? Crear una nueva instancia de Menú no funciona como yo quiero, ya que el Marco de menú no se cierra después de elegir una dificultad.

El código es para las 3 clases, Menú, Fácil y Jugar de nuevo. No incluí el código para los botones Medio o Difícil, ya que es muy similar a Fácil.

Menú

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;

import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.JButton;

public class Menu extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;
    public static Menu frame;
    public static Easy eFrame;
    public static Medium mFrame;
    public static Hard hFrame;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    frame = new Menu();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public Menu() {
        setResizable(false);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 450, 149);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JLabel lblSelectADifficulty = new JLabel("Select a difficulty");
        lblSelectADifficulty.setBounds(10, 49, 424, 19);
        lblSelectADifficulty.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 15));
        lblSelectADifficulty.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(lblSelectADifficulty);

        JLabel lblRandomNumberGuessing = new JLabel("Random Number Guessing Game");
        lblRandomNumberGuessing.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        lblRandomNumberGuessing.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 22));
        lblRandomNumberGuessing.setBounds(10, 11, 424, 27);
        contentPane.add(lblRandomNumberGuessing);

        JButton btnEasy = new JButton("Easy (0-100)");
        btnEasy.setBounds(10, 79, 134, 23);
        contentPane.add(btnEasy);

        JButton btnMedium = new JButton("Medium (0-1000)");
        btnMedium.setBounds(155, 79, 134, 23);
        contentPane.add(btnMedium);

        JButton btnHard = new JButton("Hard (0-10000)");
        btnHard.setBounds(300, 79, 134, 23);
        contentPane.add(btnHard);

        btnEasy.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                frame.setVisible(false);

                EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                        try {
                            eFrame = new Easy();
                            eFrame.setVisible(true);
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }
}

Fácil

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;

import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JButton;


public class Easy extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;
    private JTextField textField;
    private int rand;
    public int attempts;

    public Easy() {
        attempts = 1;
        Random rnd = new Random();
        rand = rnd.nextInt(100 + 1);

        setResizable(false);
        setTitle("Take a guess");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 300, 135);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        final JLabel lblGuessANumber = new JLabel("Guess a number between 0 - 100");
        lblGuessANumber.setBounds(10, 11, 274, 19);
        lblGuessANumber.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 15));
        lblGuessANumber.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(lblGuessANumber);

        textField = new JTextField();
        textField.setBounds(20, 41, 110, 20);
        contentPane.add(textField);
        textField.setColumns(10);

        final JButton btnGuess = new JButton("Guess");
        btnGuess.setBounds(164, 41, 110, 20);
        contentPane.add(btnGuess);

        final JLabel label = new JLabel("");
        label.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 12));
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        label.setBounds(10, 72, 274, 24);
        contentPane.add(label);

        btnGuess.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                if((Integer.parseInt(textField.getText())) >= 0 && (Integer.parseInt(textField.getText())) <= 100){
                    if((Integer.parseInt(textField.getText())) < rand){
                        label.setText("You guessed too low.");
                        System.out.println(rand);
                        attempts++;
                    }
                    else if((Integer.parseInt(textField.getText())) > rand){
                        label.setText("You guessed too high.");
                        attempts++;
                    }
                    else if((Integer.parseInt(textField.getText())) == rand){
                        dispose();
                        PlayAgain pl = new PlayAgain();
                        pl.setVisible(true);
                    }
                }
                else
                    label.setText("Please enter a valid input.");   
            }
        });
    }

    public int returnAttempts(){
        return attempts;
    }
}

Juega de nuevo

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;

import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.JButton;


public class PlayAgain extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;


    public PlayAgain() {
        setResizable(false);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 240, 110);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JLabel lblPlayAgain = new JLabel("Play Again?");
        lblPlayAgain.setFont(new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 15));
        lblPlayAgain.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        lblPlayAgain.setBounds(10, 27, 214, 23);
        contentPane.add(lblPlayAgain);

        JButton btnYes = new JButton("Yes");
        btnYes.setBounds(10, 49, 89, 23);
        contentPane.add(btnYes);

        JButton btnQuit = new JButton("Quit");
        btnQuit.setBounds(135, 49, 89, 23);
        contentPane.add(btnQuit);

        //Need to return number of attempts from Easy.java in lblYouGuessedCorrectly
        JLabel lblYouGuessedCorrectly = new JLabel("You guessed correctly! Attempts: ");
        lblYouGuessedCorrectly.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        lblYouGuessedCorrectly.setBounds(10, 11, 214, 14);
        contentPane.add(lblYouGuessedCorrectly);

        btnYes.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //Need to start the program over again, starting with from the Menu screen
            }
        });

        btnQuit.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

Answer 1

Sugerencias:

• Está creando una GUI de Swing basada en eventos, por lo que no volverá al principio del programa como lo haría en un programa de consola lineal, porque no es así como funcionan los programas impulsados ​​por eventos. En cambio, simplemente mostraría la vista del menú cuando fuera necesario, generalmente en respuesta a algún evento, como dentro del ActionListener de un JButton y / o JMenuItem.
• Así que agregue un JButton de reset o un JMenuItem o ambos, pídales que compartan el mismo ResetAction AbstractAction, y dentro de esa Acción, vuelva a mostrar la vista del menú.
• Recomendación setBounds 1 (no relacionada con su problema principal): no use diseños nulos o setBounds ya que eso llevará a una rígida dificultad para depurar y mejorar las GUI que se ven bien solo en una plataforma.
• Recomendación complementaria 2: No codifique para la creación de JFrames, sino de JPanel, ya que aumentará enormemente la flexibilidad de su programa, permitiéndole intercambiar las vistas JPanel si es necesario utilizando CardLayout, o visualizando vistas dentro de un JFrame o JDialog o en cualquier lugar de lo contrario son necesarios.

Por ejemplo, usando un CardLayout para intercambiar vistas de JPanel y un JOptionPane para obtener la entrada del usuario en el reinicio:

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Main2 extends JPanel {
    private MenuPanel menuPanel = new MenuPanel(this);
    private GamePanel gamePanel = new GamePanel(this);
    private CardLayout cardLayout = new CardLayout();

    public Main2() {
        setLayout(cardLayout);
        add(menuPanel, MenuPanel.NAME);
        add(gamePanel, GamePanel.NAME);
    }

    public void setDifficulty(Difficulty difficulty) {
        gamePanel.setDifficulty(difficulty);
    }

    public void showCard(String name) {
        cardLayout.show(Main2.this, name);
    }

    private static void createAndShowGui() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Main2");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.getContentPane().add(new Main2());
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                createAndShowGui();
            }
        });
    }

}

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
class MenuPanel extends JPanel {
    public static final String NAME = "menu panel";
    private static final String MAIN_TITLE = "Random Number Guessing Game";
    private static final String SUB_TITLE = "Select a difficulty";
    private static final int GAP = 3;
    private static final float TITLE_SIZE = 20f;
    private static final float SUB_TITLE_SIZE = 16;

    private Main2 main2;

    public MenuPanel(Main2 main2) {
        this.main2 = main2;
        JLabel titleLabel = new JLabel(MAIN_TITLE, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        titleLabel.setFont(titleLabel.getFont().deriveFont(Font.BOLD, TITLE_SIZE));
        JPanel titlePanel = new JPanel();
        titlePanel.add(titleLabel);

        JLabel subTitleLabel = new JLabel(SUB_TITLE, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        subTitleLabel.setFont(subTitleLabel.getFont().deriveFont(Font.PLAIN, SUB_TITLE_SIZE));
        JPanel subTitlePanel = new JPanel();
        subTitlePanel.add(subTitleLabel);

        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 0, GAP, GAP));
        for (Difficulty difficulty : Difficulty.values()) {
            buttonPanel.add(new JButton(new DifficultyAction(difficulty)));
        }

        setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(GAP, GAP, GAP, GAP));
        setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
        add(titlePanel);
        add(subTitlePanel);
        add(buttonPanel);
    }

    private class DifficultyAction extends AbstractAction {
        private Difficulty difficulty;

        public DifficultyAction(Difficulty difficulty) {
            this.difficulty = difficulty;
            String name = String.format("%s (0-%d)", difficulty.getText(), difficulty.getMaxValue());
            putValue(NAME, name);

            int mnemonic = (int) name.charAt(0);
            putValue(MNEMONIC_KEY, mnemonic);
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            main2.setDifficulty(difficulty);
            main2.showCard(GamePanel.NAME);
        }
    }


}

enum Difficulty {
    EASY("Easy", 100), MEDIUM("Medium", 1000), HARD("Hard", 10000);
    private String text;
    private int maxValue;

    private Difficulty(String text, int maxValue) {
        this.text = text;
        this.maxValue = maxValue;
    }

    public String getText() {
        return text;
    }

    public int getMaxValue() {
        return maxValue;
    }
}

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
class GamePanel extends JPanel {
    public static final String NAME = "game panel";
    private String labelText = "Guess a number between 0 - ";
    private JLabel label = new JLabel(labelText + Difficulty.HARD.getMaxValue(), SwingConstants.CENTER);
    private Main2 main2;
    GuessAction guessAction = new GuessAction("Guess");
    private JTextField textField = new JTextField(10);
    private JButton guessButton = new JButton(guessAction);
    private boolean guessCorrect = false;

    private Difficulty difficulty;

    public GamePanel(Main2 main2) {
        this.main2 = main2;
        textField.setAction(guessAction);

        JPanel guessPanel = new JPanel();
        guessPanel.add(textField);
        guessPanel.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10));
        guessPanel.add(guessButton); 

        JPanel centerPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        centerPanel.add(guessPanel);

        setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        add(label, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
        add(centerPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    }

    public void setDifficulty(Difficulty difficulty) {
        this.difficulty = difficulty;
        label.setText(labelText + difficulty.getMaxValue());
    }

    private class GuessAction extends AbstractAction {
        private int attempts = 1;

        public GuessAction(String name) {
            super(name);
            int mnemonic = (int) name.charAt(0);
            putValue(MNEMONIC_KEY, mnemonic);
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            // TODO use difficulty and all to check guesses, and reply to user

            // we''ll just show the go back to main menu dialog
            guessCorrect = true; // TODO: Delete this later

            if (guessCorrect) {
                String message = "Attempts: " + attempts + ". Play Again?";
                String title = "You''ve Guessed Correctly!";
                int optionType = JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION;
                int selection = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(GamePanel.this, message, title, optionType);
                if (selection == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
                    textField.setText("");
                    main2.showCard(MenuPanel.NAME);
                } else {
                    Window window = SwingUtilities.getWindowAncestor(GamePanel.this);
                    window.dispose();
                }
            }

        }
    }

}