delphi - serlo - ejecutar cmd como administrador windows 10

usar shell ejecute para ejecutar cmd como administrador

Question

Necesito ejecutar cmd en un botón, haga clic como administrador. Funciona. Pero necesito ejecutarlo como un administrador. ¿Cómo se hace esto?

 ShellExecute(Handle, ''open'', ''c:/Windows/system32/cmd.exe'', nil, nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL)

Answer 1

Este es un código de ejemplo para usar ShellExecute + runas para ejecutar rutinas elevadas (es decir, bajo la cuenta de administrador completo). Debería funcionar con UAC habilitado / deshabilitado + en versiones anteriores de Windows (antes de Windows Vista).

unit RunElevatedSupport;
{$WARN SYMBOL_PLATFORM OFF}
{$R+}
interface
uses
Windows;
type
TElevatedProc = function(const AParameters: String): Cardinal;
TProcessMessagesMeth = procedure of object;
var
// Warning: this function will be executed in external process.
// Do not use any global variables inside this routine!
// Use only supplied AParameters.
OnElevateProc: TElevatedProc;
// Call this routine after you have assigned OnElevateProc
procedure CheckForElevatedTask;
// Runs OnElevateProc under full administrator rights
function RunElevated(const AParameters: String; const AWnd: HWND = 0; const AProcessMessages: TProcessMessagesMeth = nil): Cardinal; overload;
function IsAdministrator: Boolean;
function IsAdministratorAccount: Boolean;
function IsUACEnabled: Boolean;
function IsElevated: Boolean;
procedure SetButtonElevated(const AButtonHandle: THandle);
implementation
uses
SysUtils, Registry, ShellAPI, ComObj;
const
RunElevatedTaskSwitch = ''0CC5C50CB7D643B68CB900BF000FFFD5''; // some unique value, just a GUID with removed ''['', '']'', and ''-''
function CheckTokenMembership(TokenHandle: THANDLE; SidToCheck: Pointer; var IsMember: BOOL): BOOL; stdcall; external advapi32 name ''CheckTokenMembership'';
function RunElevated(const AParameters: String; const AWnd: HWND = 0; const AProcessMessages: TProcessMessagesMeth = nil): Cardinal; overload;
var
SEI: TShellExecuteInfo;
Host: String;
Args: String;
begin
Assert(Assigned(OnElevateProc), ''OnElevateProc must be assigned before calling RunElevated'');
if IsElevated then
begin
if Assigned(OnElevateProc) then
Result := OnElevateProc(AParameters)
else
Result := ERROR_PROC_NOT_FOUND;
Exit;
end;
Host := ParamStr(0);
Args := Format(''/%s %s'', [RunElevatedTaskSwitch, AParameters]);
FillChar(SEI, SizeOf(SEI), 0);
SEI.cbSize := SizeOf(SEI);
SEI.fMask := SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
{$IFDEF UNICODE}
SEI.fMask := SEI.fMask or SEE_MASK_UNICODE;
{$ENDIF}
SEI.Wnd := AWnd;
SEI.lpVerb := ''runas'';
SEI.lpFile := PChar(Host);
SEI.lpParameters := PChar(Args);
SEI.nShow := SW_NORMAL;
if not ShellExecuteEx(@SEI) then
RaiseLastOSError;
try
Result := ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
if Assigned(AProcessMessages) then
begin
repeat
if not GetExitCodeProcess(SEI.hProcess, Result) then
Result := ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
AProcessMessages;
until Result <> STILL_ACTIVE;
end
else
begin
if WaitForSingleObject(SEI.hProcess, INFINITE) <> WAIT_OBJECT_0 then
if not GetExitCodeProcess(SEI.hProcess, Result) then
Result := ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
end;
finally
CloseHandle(SEI.hProcess);
end;
end;
function IsAdministrator: Boolean;
var
psidAdmin: Pointer;
B: BOOL;
const
SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY: TSidIdentifierAuthority = (Value: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5));
SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID = $00000020;
DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS = $00000220;
SE_GROUP_USE_FOR_DENY_ONLY = $00000010;
begin
psidAdmin := nil;
try
// Создаём SID группы админов для проверки
Win32Check(AllocateAndInitializeSid(SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY, 2,
SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID, DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
psidAdmin));
// Проверяем, входим ли мы в группу админов (с учётов всех проверок на disabled SID)
if CheckTokenMembership(0, psidAdmin, B) then
Result := B
else
Result := False;
finally
if psidAdmin <> nil then
FreeSid(psidAdmin);
end;
end;
{$R-}
function IsAdministratorAccount: Boolean;
var
psidAdmin: Pointer;
Token: THandle;
Count: DWORD;
TokenInfo: PTokenGroups;
HaveToken: Boolean;
I: Integer;
const
SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY: TSidIdentifierAuthority = (Value: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5));
SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID = $00000020;
DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS = $00000220;
SE_GROUP_USE_FOR_DENY_ONLY = $00000010;
begin
Result := Win32Platform <> VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT;
if Result then
Exit;
psidAdmin := nil;
TokenInfo := nil;
HaveToken := False;
try
Token := 0;
HaveToken := OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread, TOKEN_QUERY, True, Token);
if (not HaveToken) and (GetLastError = ERROR_NO_TOKEN) then
HaveToken := OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess, TOKEN_QUERY, Token);
if HaveToken then
begin
Win32Check(AllocateAndInitializeSid(SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY, 2,
SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID, DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
psidAdmin));
if GetTokenInformation(Token, TokenGroups, nil, 0, Count) or
(GetLastError <> ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) then
RaiseLastOSError;
TokenInfo := PTokenGroups(AllocMem(Count));
Win32Check(GetTokenInformation(Token, TokenGroups, TokenInfo, Count, Count));
for I := 0 to TokenInfo^.GroupCount - 1 do
begin
Result := EqualSid(psidAdmin, TokenInfo^.Groups[I].Sid);
if Result then
Break;
end;
end;
finally
if TokenInfo <> nil then
FreeMem(TokenInfo);
if HaveToken then
CloseHandle(Token);
if psidAdmin <> nil then
FreeSid(psidAdmin);
end;
end;
{$R+}
function IsUACEnabled: Boolean;
var
Reg: TRegistry;
begin
Result := CheckWin32Version(6, 0);
if Result then
begin
Reg := TRegistry.Create(KEY_READ);
try
Reg.RootKey := HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE;
if Reg.OpenKey(''/Software/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Policies/System'', False) then
if Reg.ValueExists(''EnableLUA'') then
Result := (Reg.ReadInteger(''EnableLUA'') <> 0)
else
Result := False
else
Result := False;
finally
FreeAndNil(Reg);
end;
end;
end;
function IsElevated: Boolean;
const
TokenElevation = TTokenInformationClass(20);
type
TOKEN_ELEVATION = record
TokenIsElevated: DWORD;
end;
var
TokenHandle: THandle;
ResultLength: Cardinal;
ATokenElevation: TOKEN_ELEVATION;
HaveToken: Boolean;
begin
if CheckWin32Version(6, 0) then
begin
TokenHandle := 0;
HaveToken := OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread, TOKEN_QUERY, True, TokenHandle);
if (not HaveToken) and (GetLastError = ERROR_NO_TOKEN) then
HaveToken := OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess, TOKEN_QUERY, TokenHandle);
if HaveToken then
begin
try
ResultLength := 0;
if GetTokenInformation(TokenHandle, TokenElevation, @ATokenElevation, SizeOf(ATokenElevation), ResultLength) then
Result := ATokenElevation.TokenIsElevated <> 0
else
Result := False;
finally
CloseHandle(TokenHandle);
end;
end
else
Result := False;
end
else
Result := IsAdministrator;
end;
procedure SetButtonElevated(const AButtonHandle: THandle);
const
BCM_SETSHIELD = $160C;
var
Required: BOOL;
begin
if not CheckWin32Version(6, 0) then
Exit;
if IsElevated then
Exit;
Required := True;
SendMessage(AButtonHandle, BCM_SETSHIELD, 0, LPARAM(Required));
end;
procedure CheckForElevatedTask;
function GetArgsForElevatedTask: String;
function PrepareParam(const ParamNo: Integer): String;
begin
Result := ParamStr(ParamNo);
if Pos('' '', Result) > 0 then
Result := AnsiQuotedStr(Result, ''"'');
end;
var
X: Integer;
begin
Result := '''';
for X := 1 to ParamCount do
begin
if (AnsiUpperCase(ParamStr(X)) = (''/'' + RunElevatedTaskSwitch)) or
(AnsiUpperCase(ParamStr(X)) = (''-'' + RunElevatedTaskSwitch)) then
Continue;
Result := Result + PrepareParam(X) + '' '';
end;
Result := Trim(Result);
end;
var
ExitCode: Cardinal;
begin
if not FindCmdLineSwitch(RunElevatedTaskSwitch) then
Exit;
ExitCode := ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
try
if not IsElevated then
ExitCode := ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
else
if Assigned(OnElevateProc) then
ExitCode := OnElevateProc(GetArgsForElevatedTask)
else
ExitCode := ERROR_PROC_NOT_FOUND;
except
on E: Exception do
begin
if E is EAbort then
ExitCode := ERROR_CANCELLED
else
if E is EOleSysError then
ExitCode := Cardinal(EOleSysError(E).ErrorCode)
else
if E is EOSError then
else
ExitCode := ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
end;
end;
if ExitCode = STILL_ACTIVE then
ExitCode := ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess, ExitCode);
end;
end.

Uso:

unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows{....};
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Label1: TLabel;
Label2: TLabel;
Label3: TLabel;
Label4: TLabel;
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
private
procedure StartWait;
procedure EndWait;
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
uses
RunElevatedSupport;
{$R *.dfm}
const
ArgInstallUpdate = ''/install_update'';
ArgRegisterExtension = ''/register_global_file_associations'';
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
Label1.Caption := Format(''IsAdministrator: %s'', [BoolToStr(IsAdministrator, True)]);
Label2.Caption := Format(''IsAdministratorAccount: %s'', [BoolToStr(IsAdministratorAccount, True)]);
Label3.Caption := Format(''IsUACEnabled: %s'', [BoolToStr(IsUACEnabled, True)]);
Label4.Caption := Format(''IsElevated: %s'', [BoolToStr(IsElevated, True)]);
Button1.Caption := ''Install updates'';
SetButtonElevated(Button1.Handle);
Button2.Caption := ''Register file associations for all users'';
SetButtonElevated(Button2.Handle);
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
StartWait;
try
SetLastError(RunElevated(ArgInstallUpdate, Handle, Application.ProcessMessages));
if GetLastError <> ERROR_SUCCESS then
RaiseLastOSError;
finally
EndWait;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
StartWait;
try
SetLastError(RunElevated(ArgRegisterExtension, Handle, Application.ProcessMessages));
if GetLastError <> ERROR_SUCCESS then
RaiseLastOSError;
finally
EndWait;
end;
end;
function DoElevatedTask(const AParameters: String): Cardinal;
procedure InstallUpdate;
var
Msg: String;
begin
Msg := ''Hello from InstallUpdate!'' + sLineBreak +
sLineBreak +
''This function is running elevated under full administrator rights.'' + sLineBreak +
''This means that you have write-access to Program Files folder and you''''re able to overwrite files (e.g. install updates).'' + sLineBreak +
''However, note that your executable is still running.'' + sLineBreak +
sLineBreak +
''IsAdministrator: '' + BoolToStr(IsAdministrator, True) + sLineBreak +
''IsAdministratorAccount: '' + BoolToStr(IsAdministratorAccount, True) + sLineBreak +
''IsUACEnabled: '' + BoolToStr(IsUACEnabled, True) + sLineBreak +
''IsElevated: '' + BoolToStr(IsElevated, True);
MessageBox(0, PChar(Msg), ''Hello from InstallUpdate!'', MB_OK or MB_ICONINFORMATION);
end;
procedure RegisterExtension;
var
Msg: String;
begin
Msg := ''Hello from RegisterExtension!'' + sLineBreak +
sLineBreak +
''This function is running elevated under full administrator rights.'' + sLineBreak +
''This means that you have write-access to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE key and you''''re able to write keys and values (e.g. register file extensions globally/for all users).'' + sLineBreak +
''However, note that this is usually not a good idea. It is better to register your file extensions under HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Classes.'' + sLineBreak +
sLineBreak +
''IsAdministrator: '' + BoolToStr(IsAdministrator, True) + sLineBreak +
''IsAdministratorAccount: '' + BoolToStr(IsAdministratorAccount, True) + sLineBreak +
''IsUACEnabled: '' + BoolToStr(IsUACEnabled, True) + sLineBreak +
''IsElevated: '' + BoolToStr(IsElevated, True);
MessageBox(0, PChar(Msg), ''Hello from RegisterExtension!'', MB_OK or MB_ICONINFORMATION);
end;
begin
Result := ERROR_SUCCESS;
if AParameters = ArgInstallUpdate then
InstallUpdate
else
if AParameters = ArgRegisterExtension then
RegisterExtension
else
Result := ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
end;
procedure TForm1.StartWait;
begin
Cursor := crHourglass;
Screen.Cursor := crHourglass;
Button1.Enabled := False;
Button2.Enabled := False;
Application.ProcessMessages;
end;
procedure TForm1.EndWait;
begin
Cursor := crDefault;
Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
Button1.Enabled := True;
Button2.Enabled := True;
Application.ProcessMessages;
end;
initialization
OnElevateProc := DoElevatedTask;
CheckForElevatedTask;
end.

Answer 2

Reemplace el verbo open con las runas como se muestra a continuación. De todos modos, trata de evitar la codificación de rutas:

uses
ShellAPI;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
ShellExecute(Handle, ''runas'', ''cmd.exe'', nil, nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
end;

También puede agregar a su botón el ícono del escudo configurando la propiedad ElevationRequired en True.

Answer 3

ShellExecute/Ex() con el verbo "runas" es la única forma oficial de iniciar un proceso elevado programable, especialmente si el ejecutable que se está ejecutando no tiene su propio manifiesto UAC para invocar elevación.

Sin embargo, esa no es la única manera de comenzar un proceso elevado. Eche un vistazo al siguiente artículo, que explica en detalle la elevación y ofrece implementaciones alternativas, como CreateProcessElevated() y ShellExecuteElevated() , que son más flexibles:

Vista UAC: La Guía Definitiva

Answer 4

uses ShellApi, ...;
function RunAsAdmin(const Handle: Hwnd; const Path, Params: string): Boolean;
var
sei: TShellExecuteInfoA;
begin
FillChar(sei, SizeOf(sei), 0);
sei.cbSize := SizeOf(sei);
sei.Wnd := Handle;
sei.fMask := SEE_MASK_FLAG_DDEWAIT or SEE_MASK_FLAG_NO_UI;
sei.lpVerb := ''runas'';
sei.lpFile := PAnsiChar(Path);
sei.lpParameters := PAnsiChar(Params);
sei.nShow := SW_SHOWNORMAL;
Result := ShellExecuteExA(@sei);
end;

// Ejemplo

RunAsAdmin(Handle, ''c:/Windows/system32/cmd.exe'', '''');