programacion - Cómo implementar un GCM Hello World para Android con Android Studio

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Question

Llevo unos días buscando cómo implementar Google Cloud Messaging para Android, pero tengo serias dudas al respecto.

Quiero decir, aparentemente Google puso algunas buenas informaciones en línea, como here y here , pero estoy confundido acerca de toda la lógica. Una página habla sobre el lado del cliente y otra sobre el lado del servidor. Genial, pero ¿cómo puedo unirlo todo? ¿Cómo implemento el protocolo HTTP y / o XMPP para comunicarme con los servidores de conexión GCM?

Me gustaría implementar un HelloWorld básico para GCM, que funcionaría con los siguientes pasos:

1. App send a message (say "HelloWorld") to GCM;
2. Receive that message from GCM and add it to a TextView.

¿Cuáles son los pasos necesarios para lograr esta aplicación básica?

Gracias,

Answer 1

Si ha leído los dos enlaces en su pregunta y ha entendido los conceptos clave de GCM, puede consultar los siguientes códigos de muestra:

Por supuesto, supongamos que has terminado:

• Cree un proyecto y su clave API de servidor en Google Developers Console
• Establezca permisos en sus archivos de AndroidManifest como este <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

Lado del servidor:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView mTextView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);

        new GCMRequest().execute();
    }

    ...    

    private class GCMRequest extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> {

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(Void... voids) {

            final String API_KEY = "..."; // An API key saved on the app server that gives the app server authorized access to Google services
            final String CLIENT_REG_ID = "..."; //An ID issued by the GCM connection servers to the client app that allows it to receive messages
            final String postData = "{ /"registration_ids/": [ /"" + CLIENT_REG_ID + "/" ], " +
                    "/"delay_while_idle/": true, " +
                    "/"data/": {/"tickerText/":/"My Ticket/", " +
                    "/"contentTitle/":/"My Title/", " +
                    "/"message/": /"Test GCM message from GCMServer-Android/"}}";

            try {                        
                URL url = new URL("https://android.googleapis.com/gcm/send");
                HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                urlConnection.setDoInput(true);
                urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
                urlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
                urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "key=" + API_KEY);

                OutputStream outputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(urlConnection.getOutputStream());
                BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, "utf-8"));
                writer.write(postData);
                writer.flush();
                writer.close();
                outputStream.close();

                int responseCode = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
                InputStream inputStream;
                if (responseCode < HttpURLConnection.HTTP_BAD_REQUEST) {
                    inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
                } else {
                    inputStream = urlConnection.getErrorStream();
                }
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                String temp, response = "";
                while ((temp = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                    response += temp;
                }
                return response;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                return e.toString();
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String message) {
            super.onPostExecute(message);

            if (mTextView != null) {
                try {
                    JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(message);
                    mTextView.setText(jsonObject.toString(5));
                } catch (JSONException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    mTextView.setText(e.toString());
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Lado del cliente:

MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private final Context mContext = this;
    private final String SENDER_ID = "..."; // Project Number at https://console.developers.google.com/project/...
    private final String SHARD_PREF = "com.example.gcmclient_preferences";
    private final String GCM_TOKEN = "gcmtoken";    
    public static TextView mTextView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        SharedPreferences appPrefs = mContext.getSharedPreferences(SHARD_PREF, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        String token = appPrefs.getString(GCM_TOKEN, "");
        if (token.isEmpty()) {
            try {
                getGCMToken();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
    }

    ...    

    private void getGCMToken() {
        new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
            @Override
            protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
                try {
                    InstanceID instanceID = InstanceID.getInstance(mContext);
                    String token = instanceID.getToken(SENDER_ID, GoogleCloudMessaging.INSTANCE_ID_SCOPE, null);
                    if (token != null && !token.isEmpty()) {
                        SharedPreferences appPrefs = mContext.getSharedPreferences(SHARD_PREF, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
                        SharedPreferences.Editor prefsEditor = appPrefs.edit();
                        prefsEditor.putString(GCM_TOKEN, token);
                        prefsEditor.apply();
                    }
                    Log.i("GCM", token);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return null;
            }
        }.execute();
    }
}

GcmService.java:

public class GcmService extends GcmListenerService {

    @Override
    public void onMessageReceived(String from, Bundle data) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        Set<String> keys = data.keySet();
        for (String key : keys) {
            try {
                jsonObject.put(key, data.get(key));
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        try {
            sendNotification("Received: " + jsonObject.toString(5));
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onDeletedMessages() {
        sendNotification("Deleted messages on server");
    }

    @Override
    public void onMessageSent(String msgId) {
        sendNotification("Upstream message sent. Id=" + msgId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSendError(String msgId, String error) {
        sendNotification("Upstream message send error. Id=" + msgId + ", error" + error);
    }

    private void sendNotification(final String msg) {
        Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
        handler.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {                    
                if (MainActivity.mTextView != null) {
                    MainActivity.mTextView.setText(msg);
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

AndroidManifest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.gcmandroid" >

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.RECEIVE" />

    <permission android:name="com.example.gcm.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"
        android:protectionLevel="signature" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.example.gcm.permission.C2D_MESSAGE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:fullBackupContent="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >

        <receiver
            android:name="com.google.android.gms.gcm.GcmReceiver"
            android:exported="true"
            android:permission="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.SEND" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.REGISTRATION" />
                <action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE" />
                <category android:name="com.example.gcm" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
        <service android:name=".GcmService" android:exported="false">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE" />
            </intent-filter>
        </service>

        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>