emplace_back - c++ emplace back

¿Por qué emplace_back necesita mover constructor?

Question

Tengo el siguiente código:

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
class Test final {
public:
Test(const std::string& s)
: s_(s) {
std::cout << "constructing: " << s_ << std::endl;
}
#ifdef NO_MOVE
private:
Test(const Test& t) = delete;
Test(Test&& t) = delete;
#else
public:
Test(const Test& t)
: s_(t.s_) {
std::cout << "copying: " << s_ << std::endl;
};
Test(Test&& t)
: s_(std::move(t.s_)) {
std::cout << "moving: " << s_ << std::endl;
};
#endif
private:
std::string s_;
};
int main() {
std::vector<Test> v;
v.emplace_back("emplace_back");
}

Cuando se permite un constructor de movimiento, ocurre lo siguiente:

[matt test] g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp && ./a.out
constructing: emplace_back

Sin embargo, si se quita el constructor de movimiento:

[matt test] g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp -DNO_MOVE && ./a.out
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_construct.h: In instantiation of ‘void std::_Construct(_T1*, _Args&& ...) [with _T1 = Test; _Args = {Test}]’:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:77:3: required from ‘static _ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy<_TrivialValueTypes>::__uninit_copy(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator) [with _InputIterator = std::move_iterator<Test*>; _ForwardIterator = Test*; bool _TrivialValueTypes = false]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:119:41: required from ‘_ForwardIterator std::uninitialized_copy(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator) [with _InputIterator = std::move_iterator<Test*>; _ForwardIterator = Test*]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:260:63: required from ‘_ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy_a(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator, std::allocator<_Tp>&) [with _InputIterator = std::move_iterator<Test*>; _ForwardIterator = Test*; _Tp = Test]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:283:69: required from ‘_ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_move_if_noexcept_a(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator, _Allocator&) [with _InputIterator = Test*; _ForwardIterator = Test*; _Allocator = std::allocator<Test>]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/vector.tcc:410:6: required from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_emplace_back_aux(_Args&& ...) [with _Args = {const char (&)[13]}; _Tp = Test; _Alloc = std::allocator<Test>]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/vector.tcc:102:4: required from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::emplace_back(_Args&& ...) [with _Args = {const char (&)[13]}; _Tp = Test; _Alloc = std::allocator<Test>]’
main.cpp:32:32: required from here
main.cpp:14:3: error: ‘Test::Test(Test&&)’ is private
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/vector:63:0,
from main.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_construct.h:77:7: error: within this context
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_construct.h:77:7: error: use of deleted function ‘Test::Test(Test&&)’
main.cpp:14:3: error: declared here

Pero el emplace_back no usa el constructor de movimiento. ¿Por qué la inicialización requiere un constructor de movimiento en esta instancia?

Answer 1

Como se especifica en el comentario después de la pregunta. El operador emplace_back puede necesitar reasignar la memoria de los contenedores y, como tal, el tipo de plantilla vector debe ser emplace_back o emplace_back .

No es el reenvío de los argumentos que es el problema, es la asignación de memoria para el nuevo objeto.

Answer 2

Si no hay espacio en el vector, entonces debe asignar un nuevo espacio y mover todo allí y para evitar la copia del recurso contenido o propiedad de los objetos (dentro del vector), se requiere el movimiento.

Para vectores de tipo Test

Test object(original)--->resource on heap
Test object(relocated with move constructor)------>resource on heap
Test object(relocated with copy constructor)------>copy of resource on heap