ruby-on-rails - timezoneinfo - touniversaltime

Conversión de Microsoft Timezone a datos de zona horaria estándar en rieles

Question

Tengo una aplicación de rieles que se conecta a un DB de SQL Server, y hay una aplicación de escritorio de Windows que se conecta al mismo DB. La aplicación de Windows está usando la base de datos de la zona horaria de Microsoft Windows, así que obtengo un nombre de zona horaria como Pacific Daylight Time . En rails, la clase ActiveSupport::TimeZone nos da un hash de mapeo donde la clave sería como Pacific Time (US & Canada) y el valor sería como America/Los_Angeles . ¿Hay algo por ahí que convierta el formato de Windows al formato estándar para que pueda usar Time.zone ?

¿O tal vez hay una joya de zona horaria que me permita configurar los rieles para usar el formato de Windows?

Aquí hay una matriz que comencé a ayudar con la conversión, pero hay un poco del que no estoy 100% seguro.

  DAYLIGHT = [
{name: ''Dateline Daylight Time'',          offset: -12,  alt: ''International Date Line West''},
{name: ''UTC-11'',                          offset: -11,  alt: ''''},
{name: ''Hawaiian Daylight Time'',          offset: -10,  alt: ''Hawaii''},
{name: ''Alaskan Daylight Time'',           offset: -9,   alt: ''Alaska''},
{name: ''Pacific Daylight Time (Mexico)'',  offset: -8,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Pacific Daylight Time'',           offset: -8,   alt: ''Pacific Time (US & Canada)''},
{name: ''US Mountain Daylight Time'',       offset: -7,   alt: ''Mountain Time (US & Canada)''},
{name: ''Mountain Daylight Time (Mexico)'', offset: -7,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Mountain Daylight Time'',          offset: -7,   alt: ''Mountain Time (US & Canada)''},
{name: ''Central America Daylight Time'',   offset: -6,   alt: ''Central Time (US & Canada)''},
{name: ''Central Daylight Time'',           offset: -6,   alt: ''Central Time (US & Canada)''},
{name: ''Central Daylight Time (Mexico)'',  offset: -6,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Canada Central Daylight Time'',    offset: -6,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''SA Pacific Daylight Time'',        offset: -5,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Eastern Daylight Time'',           offset: -5,   alt: ''Eastern Time (US & Canada)''},
{name: ''US Eastern Daylight Time'',        offset: -5,   alt: ''Eastern Time (US & Canada)''},
{name: ''Venezuela Daylight Time'',         offset: -4.5, alt: ''''},
{name: ''Paraguay Daylight Time'',          offset: -4,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Atlantic Daylight Time'',          offset: -4,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Central Brazilian Daylight Time'', offset: -4,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''SA Western Daylight Time'',        offset: -4,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Pacific SA Daylight Time'',        offset: -4,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Newfoundland Daylight Time'',      offset: -3.5, alt: ''''},
{name: ''E. South America Daylight Time'',  offset: -3,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Argentina Daylight Time'',         offset: -3,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''SA Eastern Daylight Time'',        offset: -3,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Greenland Daylight Time'',         offset: -3,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Montevideo Daylight Time'',        offset: -3,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Bahia Daylight Time'',             offset: -3,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''UTC-02'',                          offset: -2,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Mid-Atlantic Daylight Time'',      offset: -2,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Azores Daylight Time'',            offset: -1,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Cabo Verde Daylight Time'',        offset: -1,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Morocco Daylight Time'',           offset: 0,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Coordinated Universal Time'',      offset: 0,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''GMT Daylight Time'',               offset: 0,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Greenwich Daylight Time'',         offset: 0,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''W. Europe Daylight Time'',         offset: 1,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Central Europe Daylight Time'',    offset: 1,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Romance Daylight Time'',           offset: 1,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Central European Daylight Time'',  offset: 1,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''W. Central Africa Daylight Time'', offset: 1,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Namibia Daylight Time'',           offset: 1,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Jordan Daylight Time'',            offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''GTB Daylight Time'',               offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Middle East Daylight Time'',       offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Egypt Daylight Time'',             offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Syria Daylight Time'',             offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''E. Europe Daylight Time'',         offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''South Africa Daylight Time'',      offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''FLE Daylight Time'',               offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Turkey Daylight Time'',            offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Jerusalem Daylight Time'',         offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 1 Daylight Time'',       offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Libya Daylight Time'',             offset: 2,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Arabic Daylight Time'',            offset: 3,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Arab Daylight Time'',              offset: 3,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Belarus Daylight Time'',           offset: 3,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 2 Daylight Time'',       offset: 3,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''E. Africa Daylight Time'',         offset: 3,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Iran Daylight Time'',              offset: 3.5,  alt: ''''},
{name: ''Arabian Daylight Time'',           offset: 4,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Azerbaijan Daylight Time'',        offset: 4,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 3 Daylight Time'',       offset: 4,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Mauritius Daylight Time'',         offset: 4,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Georgian Daylight Time'',          offset: 4,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Caucasus Daylight Time'',          offset: 4,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Afghanistan Daylight Time'',       offset: 4.5,  alt: ''''},
{name: ''West Asia Daylight Time'',         offset: 5,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 4 Daylight Time'',       offset: 5,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Pakistan Daylight Time'',          offset: 5,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''India Daylight Time'',             offset: 5.5,  alt: ''''},
{name: ''Sri Lanka Daylight Time'',         offset: 5.5,  alt: ''''},
{name: ''Nepal Daylight Time'',             offset: 5.75, alt: ''''},
{name: ''Central Asia Daylight Time'',      offset: 6,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Bangladesh Daylight Time'',        offset: 6,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 5 Daylight Time'',       offset: 6,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Myanmar Daylight Time'',           offset: 6.5,  alt: ''''},
{name: ''SE Asia Daylight Time'',           offset: 7,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 6 Daylight Time'',       offset: 7,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''China Daylight Time'',             offset: 8,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 7 Daylight Time'',       offset: 8,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Malay Peninsula Daylight Time'',   offset: 8,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''W. Australia Daylight Time'',      offset: 8,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Taipei Daylight Time'',            offset: 8,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Ulaanbaatar Daylight Time'',       offset: 8,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Tokyo Daylight Time'',             offset: 9,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Korea Daylight Time'',             offset: 9,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 8 Daylight Time'',       offset: 9,    alt: ''''},
{name: ''Cen. Australia Daylight Time'',    offset: 9.5,  alt: ''''},
{name: ''AUS Central Daylight Time'',       offset: 9.5,  alt: ''''},
{name: ''E. Australia Daylight Time'',      offset: 10,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''AUS Eastern Daylight Time'',       offset: 10,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''West Pacific Daylight Time'',      offset: 10,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Tasmania Daylight Time'',          offset: 10,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Magadan Daylight Time'',           offset: 10,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 9 Daylight Time'',       offset: 10,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 10 Daylight Time'',      offset: 11,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Central Pacific Daylight Time'',   offset: 11,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Russia TZ 11 Daylight Time'',      offset: 12,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''New Zealand Daylight Time'',       offset: 12,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''UTC+12'',                          offset: 12,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Fiji Daylight Time'',              offset: 12,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Kamchatka Daylight Time'',         offset: 12,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Tonga Daylight Time'',             offset: 13,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Samoa Daylight Time'',             offset: 13,   alt: ''''},
{name: ''Line Islands Daylight Time'',      offset: 14,   alt: ''''}
]

Answer 1

Respuesta mejorada

La funcionalidad descrita en mi respuesta original (a continuación) ahora está disponible en mi biblioteca TimeZoneConverter para .NET. Todo el trabajo duro está hecho para usted, y se mantiene actualizado con cambios en las zonas horarias del mundo. Los ejemplos en el archivo Léame del proyecto muestran cómo convertir entre Windows, IANA y los identificadores de Rails.

Dado que la aplicación descrita en la pregunta está en Rails, sugiero ejecutar un trabajo en segundo plano en .NET para convertir los ID de zona horaria de Windows a los que necesite en su aplicación Rails y mantenerlos en una columna separada.

Respuesta original

El recurso que está buscando es el archivo de asignación de Windows a IANA que se mantiene como parte del proyecto Unicode CLDR . El archivo se encuentra dentro de la versión CLDR en common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml , y aquí puede encontrar la "versión de desarrollo" actual.

Tenga en cuenta algunas cosas:

• El archivo se actualiza a medida que surgen nuevas zonas horarias de Microsoft y de IANA, o ocasionalmente cuando los gobiernos cambian sus reglas de zonas horarias lo suficientemente como para aplicar un mapeo diferente.

• Las compensaciones en su lista serían simplemente el desplazamiento estándar , es decir, el que se aplica cuando el horario de verano no está vigente. Una "zona horaria" se compone de los desplazamientos estándar, los desplazamientos diurnos y las fechas y horas específicas de las transiciones DST, junto con el historial de cambios para los desplazamientos y las transiciones.

• Los nombres de zona horaria de Rails no se deben usar en ningún lugar fuera de Rails. Según entiendo, fueron creados antes de que Rails decidiera utilizar zonas horarias estándar de IANA / Olson, luego, cuando la gema Ruby tzinfo se hizo viable, las zonas Rails se actualizaron mediante la constante MAPPING mostrada en esta página , y luego se agregaron algunas después. quejas individuales surgieron. Si es posible, solo use las zonas horarias de IANA directamente, a través de la gema tzinfo. De lo contrario, tendrá dos capas de mapeo para atravesar (Microsoft -> IANA -> Rails).

• No sé de una implementación específica de Rails de las asignaciones CLDR. Revisé un par de CLDR para proyectos de Rails y descubrí que no incluían esa parte específica del CLDR. Sin embargo, si tiene control sobre el lado de las cosas de Windows, entonces podría considerar usar la implementación de .NET que describo en esta respuesta . Haría la conversión de Windows a IANA en el lado de Windows, luego usaría las zonas de IANA directamente con tzinfo, o haría un mapa de las zonas de Rails en su aplicación de Rails.

• También tenga en cuenta que la cantidad de zonas horarias de Rails es significativamente menor que la cantidad admitida por IANA. No lo he comprobado, pero es probable que algunas de las zonas de Windows se asignen a zonas IANA que no están en Rails. Además, hay algunas zonas de Rails que tienen múltiples entradas de Rails, pero solo una asignación de IANA, esencialmente convirtiéndolas en alias equivalentes.

• Tanto Rails como Windows usan "UTC" como una identificación de zona, que Rails asigna a "Etc / UTC", pero los mapas de CLDR a "Etc / GMT". Tendrás que manejar esto manualmente.

• Por último, reconozca que el CLDR usa identificadores "estables" de una manera diferente a los identificadores "canónicos" de IANA, lo que puede ocasionar algunas dificultades durante el mapeo.

  • Como ejemplo, considere que la zona de Microsoft "India Standard Time" se asigna a "Asia / Calcuta" en el CLDR, porque esa era la zona original de IANA. Sin embargo, IANA cambió la zona a "Asia / Kolkata" y configuró un enlace de compatibilidad con versiones anteriores para "Asia / Calcuta". Cuando miras en la constante Rails MAPPING , hay cuatro zonas de Rails, "Chennai", "Kolkata", "Mumbai" y "Nueva Delhi", todas las cuales están asignadas a "Asia / Kolkata".

  • Para solucionar esto, también necesitará otro archivo del CLDR, common/bcp47/timezone.xml . Puede usar este archivo para buscar todos los enlaces entre zonas de IANA con alias, lo que puede ayudarlo a volver a la zona de Rails.

Entonces sí, es posible, pero no es fácil. ;)

He realizado las asignaciones actuales para ti, que son las siguientes:

"Windows","IANA","Rails"
"W. Central Africa Standard Time","Africa/Algiers","West Central Africa"
"Egypt Standard Time","Africa/Cairo","Cairo"
"Morocco Standard Time","Africa/Casablanca","Casablanca"
"South Africa Standard Time","Africa/Harare","Harare"
"South Africa Standard Time","Africa/Johannesburg","Pretoria"
"Greenwich Standard Time","Africa/Monrovia","Monrovia"
"E. Africa Standard Time","Africa/Nairobi","Nairobi"
"Argentina Standard Time","America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires","Buenos Aires"
"SA Pacific Standard Time","America/Bogota","Bogota"
"Venezuela Standard Time","America/Caracas","Caracas"
"Central Standard Time","America/Chicago","Central Time (US & Canada)"
"Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Chihuahua","Chihuahua"
"Mountain Standard Time","America/Denver","Mountain Time (US & Canada)"
"Greenland Standard Time","America/Godthab","Greenland"
"Central America Standard Time","America/Guatemala","Central America"
"SA Western Standard Time","America/Guyana","Georgetown"
"Atlantic Standard Time","America/Halifax","Atlantic Time (Canada)"
"US Eastern Standard Time","America/Indiana/Indianapolis","Indiana (East)"
"Alaskan Standard Time","America/Juneau","Alaska"
"SA Western Standard Time","America/La_Paz","La Paz"
"SA Pacific Standard Time","America/Lima","Lima"
"SA Pacific Standard Time","America/Lima","Quito"
"Pacific Standard Time","America/Los_Angeles","Pacific Time (US & Canada)"
"Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Mazatlan","Mazatlan"
"Central Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Mexico_City","Guadalajara"
"Central Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Mexico_City","Mexico City"
"Central Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Monterrey","Monterrey"
"Montevideo Standard Time","America/Montevideo","Montevideo"
"Eastern Standard Time","America/New_York","Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
"US Mountain Standard Time","America/Phoenix","Arizona"
"Canada Central Standard Time","America/Regina","Saskatchewan"
"Pacific SA Standard Time","America/Santiago","Santiago"
"E. South America Standard Time","America/Sao_Paulo","Brasilia"
"Newfoundland Standard Time","America/St_Johns","Newfoundland"
"Pacific Standard Time","America/Tijuana","Tijuana"
"Central Asia Standard Time","Asia/Almaty","Almaty"
"Arabic Standard Time","Asia/Baghdad","Baghdad"
"Azerbaijan Standard Time","Asia/Baku","Baku"
"SE Asia Standard Time","Asia/Bangkok","Bangkok"
"SE Asia Standard Time","Asia/Bangkok","Hanoi"
"China Standard Time","Asia/Chongqing","Chongqing"
"Sri Lanka Standard Time","Asia/Colombo","Sri Jayawardenepura"
"Bangladesh Standard Time","Asia/Dhaka","Astana"
"Bangladesh Standard Time","Asia/Dhaka","Dhaka"
"China Standard Time","Asia/Hong_Kong","Hong Kong"
"North Asia East Standard Time","Asia/Irkutsk","Irkutsk"
"SE Asia Standard Time","Asia/Jakarta","Jakarta"
"Israel Standard Time","Asia/Jerusalem","Jerusalem"
"Afghanistan Standard Time","Asia/Kabul","Kabul"
"Russia Time Zone 11","Asia/Kamchatka","Kamchatka"
"Pakistan Standard Time","Asia/Karachi","Islamabad"
"Pakistan Standard Time","Asia/Karachi","Karachi"
"Nepal Standard Time","Asia/Kathmandu","Kathmandu"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","Chennai"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","Kolkata"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","Mumbai"
"India Standard Time","Asia/Kolkata","New Delhi"
"North Asia Standard Time","Asia/Krasnoyarsk","Krasnoyarsk"
"Singapore Standard Time","Asia/Kuala_Lumpur","Kuala Lumpur"
"Arab Standard Time","Asia/Kuwait","Kuwait"
"Magadan Standard Time","Asia/Magadan","Magadan"
"Arabian Standard Time","Asia/Muscat","Abu Dhabi"
"Arabian Standard Time","Asia/Muscat","Muscat"
"N. Central Asia Standard Time","Asia/Novosibirsk","Novosibirsk"
"Myanmar Standard Time","Asia/Rangoon","Rangoon"
"Arab Standard Time","Asia/Riyadh","Riyadh"
"Korea Standard Time","Asia/Seoul","Seoul"
"China Standard Time","Asia/Shanghai","Beijing"
"Singapore Standard Time","Asia/Singapore","Singapore"
"Russia Time Zone 10","Asia/Srednekolymsk","Srednekolymsk"
"Taipei Standard Time","Asia/Taipei","Taipei"
"West Asia Standard Time","Asia/Tashkent","Tashkent"
"Georgian Standard Time","Asia/Tbilisi","Tbilisi"
"Iran Standard Time","Asia/Tehran","Tehran"
"Tokyo Standard Time","Asia/Tokyo","Osaka"
"Tokyo Standard Time","Asia/Tokyo","Sapporo"
"Tokyo Standard Time","Asia/Tokyo","Tokyo"
"Ulaanbaatar Standard Time","Asia/Ulaanbaatar","Ulaanbaatar"
"Central Asia Standard Time","Asia/Urumqi","Urumqi"
"Vladivostok Standard Time","Asia/Vladivostok","Vladivostok"
"Yakutsk Standard Time","Asia/Yakutsk","Yakutsk"
"Ekaterinburg Standard Time","Asia/Yekaterinburg","Ekaterinburg"
"Caucasus Standard Time","Asia/Yerevan","Yerevan"
"Azores Standard Time","Atlantic/Azores","Azores"
"Cape Verde Standard Time","Atlantic/Cape_Verde","Cape Verde Is."
"UTC-02","Atlantic/South_Georgia","Mid-Atlantic"
"Cen. Australia Standard Time","Australia/Adelaide","Adelaide"
"E. Australia Standard Time","Australia/Brisbane","Brisbane"
"AUS Central Standard Time","Australia/Darwin","Darwin"
"Tasmania Standard Time","Australia/Hobart","Hobart"
"AUS Eastern Standard Time","Australia/Melbourne","Canberra"
"AUS Eastern Standard Time","Australia/Melbourne","Melbourne"
"W. Australia Standard Time","Australia/Perth","Perth"
"AUS Eastern Standard Time","Australia/Sydney","Sydney"
"UTC","Etc/UTC","UTC"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Amsterdam","Amsterdam"
"GTB Standard Time","Europe/Athens","Athens"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Belgrade","Belgrade"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Berlin","Berlin"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Berlin","Bern"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Bratislava","Bratislava"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Brussels","Brussels"
"GTB Standard Time","Europe/Bucharest","Bucharest"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Budapest","Budapest"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Copenhagen","Copenhagen"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/Dublin","Dublin"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Helsinki","Helsinki"
"Turkey Standard Time","Europe/Istanbul","Istanbul"
"Kaliningrad Standard Time","Europe/Kaliningrad","Kaliningrad"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Kiev","Kyiv"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/Lisbon","Lisbon"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Ljubljana","Ljubljana"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/London","Edinburgh"
"GMT Standard Time","Europe/London","London"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Madrid","Madrid"
"Belarus Standard Time","Europe/Minsk","Minsk"
"Russian Standard Time","Europe/Moscow","Moscow"
"Russian Standard Time","Europe/Moscow","St. Petersburg"
"Romance Standard Time","Europe/Paris","Paris"
"Central Europe Standard Time","Europe/Prague","Prague"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Riga","Riga"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Rome","Rome"
"Russia Time Zone 3","Europe/Samara","Samara"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Sarajevo","Sarajevo"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Skopje","Skopje"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Sofia","Sofia"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Stockholm","Stockholm"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Tallinn","Tallinn"
"W. Europe Standard Time","Europe/Vienna","Vienna"
"FLE Standard Time","Europe/Vilnius","Vilnius"
"Russian Standard Time","Europe/Volgograd","Volgograd"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Warsaw","Warsaw"
"Central European Standard Time","Europe/Zagreb","Zagreb"
"Samoa Standard Time","Pacific/Apia","Samoa"
"New Zealand Standard Time","Pacific/Auckland","Auckland"
"New Zealand Standard Time","Pacific/Auckland","Wellington"
"Tonga Standard Time","Pacific/Fakaofo","Tokelau Is."
"Fiji Standard Time","Pacific/Fiji","Fiji"
"Central Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Guadalcanal","Solomon Is."
"West Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Guam","Guam"
"Hawaiian Standard Time","Pacific/Honolulu","Hawaii"
"UTC+12","Pacific/Majuro","Marshall Is."
"UTC-11","Pacific/Midway","International Date Line West"
"UTC-11","Pacific/Midway","Midway Island"
"Central Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Noumea","New Caledonia"
"UTC-11","Pacific/Pago_Pago","American Samoa"
"West Pacific Standard Time","Pacific/Port_Moresby","Port Moresby"
"Tonga Standard Time","Pacific/Tongatapu","Nuku''alofa"

Tenga en cuenta que la lista anterior incluye entradas en las que más de una zona de Rails se correlaciona con la misma zona de Windows. Es posible que desee elegir solo uno de estos al asignar en la dirección de Windows a rieles.

Además, la lista anterior no incluye las zonas que no se pudieron mapear, que son las siguientes (CSV):

"Windows","IANA","Rails"
"","Pacific/Chatham","Chatham Is."
"Dateline Standard Time","Etc/GMT+12",""
"Pacific Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Santa_Isabel",""
"Eastern Standard Time (Mexico)","America/Cancun",""
"Paraguay Standard Time","America/Asuncion",""
"Central Brazilian Standard Time","America/Cuiaba",""
"SA Eastern Standard Time","America/Cayenne",""
"Bahia Standard Time","America/Bahia",""
"Namibia Standard Time","Africa/Windhoek",""
"Jordan Standard Time","Asia/Amman",""
"Middle East Standard Time","Asia/Beirut",""
"Syria Standard Time","Asia/Damascus",""
"E. Europe Standard Time","Etc/GMT-2",""
"Libya Standard Time","Africa/Tripoli",""
"Mauritius Standard Time","Indian/Mauritius",""
"Line Islands Standard Time","Pacific/Kiritimati",""