examples - Enviar archivo usando POST desde un script de Python

python 3 examples

Question

¿Hay alguna manera de enviar un archivo utilizando POST desde un script de Python?

Answer 1

De: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/#post-a-multipart-encoded-file

Solicitudes hace que sea muy sencillo cargar archivos codificados en Multipart:

with open(''report.xls'', ''rb'') as f:
    r = requests.post(''http://httpbin.org/post'', files={''report.xls'': f})

Eso es. No estoy bromeando, esta es una línea de código. El archivo fue enviado. Vamos a revisar:

>>> r.text
{
  "origin": "179.13.100.4",
  "files": {
    "report.xls": "<censored...binary...data>"
  },
  "form": {},
  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post",
  "args": {},
  "headers": {
    "Content-Length": "3196",
    "Accept-Encoding": "identity, deflate, compress, gzip",
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/0.8.0",
    "Host": "httpbin.org:80",
    "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=127.0.0.1.502.21746.1321131593.786.1"
  },
  "data": ""
}

Answer 2

Es posible que también desee echar un vistazo a httplib2 , con examples . Me parece que usar httplib2 es más conciso que usar los módulos HTTP integrados.

Answer 3

Estoy intentando probar django rest api y funciona para mí:

def test_upload_file(self):
        filename = "/Users/Ranvijay/tests/test_price_matrix.csv"
        data = {''file'': open(filename, ''rb'')}
        client = APIClient()
        # client.credentials(HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=''Token '' + token.key)
        response = client.post(reverse(''price-matrix-csv''), data, format=''multipart'')

        print response
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)

Answer 4

La biblioteca de poster Chris Atlee funciona muy bien para esto (particularmente la función de conveniencia poster.encode.multipart_encode() ). Como beneficio adicional, admite la transmisión de archivos de gran tamaño sin cargar todo un archivo en la memoria. Ver también Python issue 3244 .

Answer 5

Lo único que le impide usar urlopen directamente en un objeto de archivo es el hecho de que el objeto de archivo incorporado carece de una definición len . Una forma simple es crear una subclase, que proporciona urlopen con el archivo correcto. También modifiqué el encabezado Content-Type en el siguiente archivo.

import os
import urllib2
class EnhancedFile(file):
    def __init__(self, *args, **keyws):
        file.__init__(self, *args, **keyws)

    def __len__(self):
        return int(os.fstat(self.fileno())[6])

theFile = EnhancedFile(''a.xml'', ''r'')
theUrl = "http://example.com/abcde"
theHeaders= {''Content-Type'': ''text/xml''}

theRequest = urllib2.Request(theUrl, theFile, theHeaders)

response = urllib2.urlopen(theRequest)

theFile.close()


for line in response:
    print line

Answer 6

Parece que las solicitudes de Python no manejan archivos extremadamente grandes de partes múltiples.

La documentación recomienda que busque en requests-toolbelt .

Aquí está la página pertinente de su documentación.

Answer 7

Sí. Utilizaría el módulo urllib2 y codificaría utilizando el tipo de contenido multipart/form-data . Aquí hay un código de muestra para comenzar: es algo más que la carga de archivos, pero debería poder leerlo y ver cómo funciona:

user_agent = "image uploader"
default_message = "Image $current of $total"

import logging
import os
from os.path import abspath, isabs, isdir, isfile, join
import random
import string
import sys
import mimetypes
import urllib2
import httplib
import time
import re

def random_string (length):
    return ''''.join (random.choice (string.letters) for ii in range (length + 1))

def encode_multipart_data (data, files):
    boundary = random_string (30)

    def get_content_type (filename):
        return mimetypes.guess_type (filename)[0] or ''application/octet-stream''

    def encode_field (field_name):
        return (''--'' + boundary,
                ''Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"'' % field_name,
                '''', str (data [field_name]))

    def encode_file (field_name):
        filename = files [field_name]
        return (''--'' + boundary,
                ''Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"'' % (field_name, filename),
                ''Content-Type: %s'' % get_content_type(filename),
                '''', open (filename, ''rb'').read ())

    lines = []
    for name in data:
        lines.extend (encode_field (name))
    for name in files:
        lines.extend (encode_file (name))
    lines.extend ((''--%s--'' % boundary, ''''))
    body = ''/r/n''.join (lines)

    headers = {''content-type'': ''multipart/form-data; boundary='' + boundary,
               ''content-length'': str (len (body))}

    return body, headers

def send_post (url, data, files):
    req = urllib2.Request (url)
    connection = httplib.HTTPConnection (req.get_host ())
    connection.request (''POST'', req.get_selector (),
                        *encode_multipart_data (data, files))
    response = connection.getresponse ()
    logging.debug (''response = %s'', response.read ())
    logging.debug (''Code: %s %s'', response.status, response.reason)

def make_upload_file (server, thread, delay = 15, message = None,
                      username = None, email = None, password = None):

    delay = max (int (delay or ''0''), 15)

    def upload_file (path, current, total):
        assert isabs (path)
        assert isfile (path)

        logging.debug (''Uploading %r to %r'', path, server)
        message_template = string.Template (message or default_message)

        data = {''MAX_FILE_SIZE'': ''3145728'',
                ''sub'': '''',
                ''mode'': ''regist'',
                ''com'': message_template.safe_substitute (current = current, total = total),
                ''resto'': thread,
                ''name'': username or '''',
                ''email'': email or '''',
                ''pwd'': password or random_string (20),}
        files = {''upfile'': path}

        send_post (server, data, files)

        logging.info (''Uploaded %r'', path)
        rand_delay = random.randint (delay, delay + 5)
        logging.debug (''Sleeping for %.2f seconds------------------------------/n/n'', rand_delay)
        time.sleep (rand_delay)

    return upload_file

def upload_directory (path, upload_file):
    assert isabs (path)
    assert isdir (path)

    matching_filenames = []
    file_matcher = re.compile (r''/.(?:jpe?g|gif|png)$'', re.IGNORECASE)

    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk (path):
        for name in filenames:
            file_path = join (dirpath, name)
            logging.debug (''Testing file_path %r'', file_path)
            if file_matcher.search (file_path):
                matching_filenames.append (file_path)
            else:
                logging.info (''Ignoring non-image file %r'', path)

    total_count = len (matching_filenames)
    for index, file_path in enumerate (matching_filenames):
        upload_file (file_path, index + 1, total_count)

def run_upload (options, paths):
    upload_file = make_upload_file (**options)

    for arg in paths:
        path = abspath (arg)
        if isdir (path):
            upload_directory (path, upload_file)
        elif isfile (path):
            upload_file (path)
        else:
            logging.error (''No such path: %r'' % path)

    logging.info (''Done!'')

Answer 8

def visit_v2(device_code, camera_code):
    image1 = MultipartParam.from_file("files", "/home/yuzx/1.txt")
    image2 = MultipartParam.from_file("files", "/home/yuzx/2.txt")
    datagen, headers = multipart_encode([(''device_code'', device_code), (''position'', 3), (''person_data'', person_data), image1, image2])
    print "".join(datagen)
    if server_port == 80:
        port_str = ""
    else:
        port_str = ":%s" % (server_port,)
    url_str = "http://" + server_ip + port_str + "/adopen/device/visit_v2"
    headers[''nothing''] = ''nothing''
    request = urllib2.Request(url_str, datagen, headers)
    try:
        response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
        resp = response.read()
        print "http_status =", response.code
        result = json.loads(resp)
        print resp
        return result
    except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
        print "http_status =", e.code
        print e.read()