c# - Enviar claves a través de SendInput en user32.dll

sendkeys

Question

Estoy utilizando esta placa como un teclado para fines de demostración.

De todos modos, para acortar la historia, todo funciona bien, excepto en muy pocos casos. Envío pulsaciones de teclado con la función SendInput ubicada en user32.dll.

Entonces mi programa se ve como:

static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("Press enter an on the next secont the key combination shift+end will be send");
Console.Read();
Thread.Sleep(1000);
SendKeyDown(KeyCode.SHIFT);
SendKeyPress(KeyCode.END);
SendKeyUp(KeyCode.SHIFT);
Console.Read();
Console.Read();
}
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern uint SendInput(uint numberOfInputs, INPUT[] inputs, int sizeOfInputStructure);
/// <summary>
/// simulate key press
/// </summary>
/// <param name="keyCode"></param>
public static void SendKeyPress(KeyCode keyCode)
{
INPUT input = new INPUT {
Type = 1
};
input.Data.Keyboard = new KEYBDINPUT() {
Vk = (ushort)keyCode,
Scan = 0,
Flags = 0,
Time = 0,
ExtraInfo = IntPtr.Zero,
};
INPUT input2 = new INPUT {
Type = 1
};
input2.Data.Keyboard = new KEYBDINPUT() {
Vk = (ushort)keyCode,
Scan = 0,
Flags = 2,
Time = 0,
ExtraInfo = IntPtr.Zero
};
INPUT[] inputs = new INPUT[] { input, input2 };
if (SendInput(2, inputs, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(INPUT))) == 0)
throw new Exception();
}
/// <summary>
/// Send a key down and hold it down until sendkeyup method is called
/// </summary>
/// <param name="keyCode"></param>
public static void SendKeyDown(KeyCode keyCode)
{
INPUT input = new INPUT{
Type = 1
};
input.Data.Keyboard = new KEYBDINPUT();
input.Data.Keyboard.Vk = (ushort)keyCode;
input.Data.Keyboard.Scan = 0;
input.Data.Keyboard.Flags = 0;
input.Data.Keyboard.Time = 0;
input.Data.Keyboard.ExtraInfo = IntPtr.Zero;
INPUT[] inputs = new INPUT[] { input };
if (SendInput(1, inputs, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(INPUT))) == 0)
{
throw new Exception();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Release a key that is being hold down
/// </summary>
/// <param name="keyCode"></param>
public static void SendKeyUp(KeyCode keyCode)
{
INPUT input = new INPUT {
Type = 1
};
input.Data.Keyboard = new KEYBDINPUT();
input.Data.Keyboard.Vk = (ushort)keyCode;
input.Data.Keyboard.Scan = 0;
input.Data.Keyboard.Flags = 2;
input.Data.Keyboard.Time = 0;
input.Data.Keyboard.ExtraInfo = IntPtr.Zero;
INPUT[] inputs = new INPUT[] { input };
if (SendInput(1, inputs, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(INPUT))) == 0)
throw new Exception();
}

Y aquí están las estructuras que encontré en línea que usan esos métodos y también los códigos clave: (tenga en cuenta que parece mucho código y es porque hay muchos códigos clave en un Enum)

 /// <summary>
/// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646270(v=vs.85).aspx
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct INPUT
{
public uint Type;
public MOUSEKEYBDHARDWAREINPUT Data;
}
/// <summary>
/// http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/csharplanguage/thread/f0e82d6e-4999-4d22-b3d3-32b25f61fb2a
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
internal struct MOUSEKEYBDHARDWAREINPUT
{
[FieldOffset(0)]
public HARDWAREINPUT Hardware;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public KEYBDINPUT Keyboard;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public MOUSEINPUT Mouse;
}
/// <summary>
/// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646310(v=vs.85).aspx
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct HARDWAREINPUT
{
public uint Msg;
public ushort ParamL;
public ushort ParamH;
}
/// <summary>
/// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms646310(v=vs.85).aspx
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct KEYBDINPUT
{
public ushort Vk;
public ushort Scan;
public uint Flags;
public uint Time;
public IntPtr ExtraInfo;
}
/// <summary>
/// http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/en-US/netfxbcl/thread/2abc6be8-c593-4686-93d2-89785232dacd
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct MOUSEINPUT
{
public int X;
public int Y;
public uint MouseData;
public uint Flags;
public uint Time;
public IntPtr ExtraInfo;
}
public enum KeyCode : ushort
{
#region Media
/// <summary>
/// Next track if a song is playing
/// </summary>
MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK = 0xb0,
/// <summary>
/// Play pause
/// </summary>
MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE = 0xb3,
/// <summary>
/// Previous track
/// </summary>
MEDIA_PREV_TRACK = 0xb1,
/// <summary>
/// Stop
/// </summary>
MEDIA_STOP = 0xb2,
#endregion
#region math
/// <summary>Key "+"</summary>
ADD = 0x6b,
/// <summary>
/// "*" key
/// </summary>
MULTIPLY = 0x6a,
/// <summary>
/// "/" key
/// </summary>
DIVIDE = 0x6f,
/// <summary>
/// Subtract key "-"
/// </summary>
SUBTRACT = 0x6d,
#endregion
#region Browser
/// <summary>
/// Go Back
/// </summary>
BROWSER_BACK = 0xa6,
/// <summary>
/// Favorites
/// </summary>
BROWSER_FAVORITES = 0xab,
/// <summary>
/// Forward
/// </summary>
BROWSER_FORWARD = 0xa7,
/// <summary>
/// Home
/// </summary>
BROWSER_HOME = 0xac,
/// <summary>
/// Refresh
/// </summary>
BROWSER_REFRESH = 0xa8,
/// <summary>
/// browser search
/// </summary>
BROWSER_SEARCH = 170,
/// <summary>
/// Stop
/// </summary>
BROWSER_STOP = 0xa9,
#endregion
#region Numpad numbers
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD0 = 0x60,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD1 = 0x61,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD2 = 0x62,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD3 = 0x63,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD4 = 100,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD5 = 0x65,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD6 = 0x66,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD7 = 0x67,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD8 = 0x68,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
NUMPAD9 = 0x69,
#endregion
#region Fkeys
/// <summary>
/// F1
/// </summary>
F1 = 0x70,
/// <summary>
/// F10
/// </summary>
F10 = 0x79,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F11 = 0x7a,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F12 = 0x7b,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F13 = 0x7c,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F14 = 0x7d,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F15 = 0x7e,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F16 = 0x7f,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F17 = 0x80,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F18 = 0x81,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F19 = 130,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F2 = 0x71,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F20 = 0x83,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F21 = 0x84,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F22 = 0x85,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F23 = 0x86,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F24 = 0x87,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F3 = 0x72,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F4 = 0x73,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F5 = 0x74,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F6 = 0x75,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F7 = 0x76,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F8 = 0x77,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
F9 = 120,
#endregion
#region Other
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_1 = 0xba,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_102 = 0xe2,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_2 = 0xbf,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_3 = 0xc0,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_4 = 0xdb,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_5 = 220,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_6 = 0xdd,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_7 = 0xde,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_8 = 0xdf,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_CLEAR = 0xfe,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_COMMA = 0xbc,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_MINUS = 0xbd,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_PERIOD = 190,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
OEM_PLUS = 0xbb,
#endregion
#region KEYS
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_0 = 0x30,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_1 = 0x31,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_2 = 50,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_3 = 0x33,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_4 = 0x34,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_5 = 0x35,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_6 = 0x36,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_7 = 0x37,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_8 = 0x38,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_9 = 0x39,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_A = 0x41,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_B = 0x42,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_C = 0x43,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_D = 0x44,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_E = 0x45,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_F = 70,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_G = 0x47,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_H = 0x48,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_I = 0x49,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_J = 0x4a,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_K = 0x4b,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_L = 0x4c,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_M = 0x4d,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_N = 0x4e,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_O = 0x4f,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_P = 80,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_Q = 0x51,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_R = 0x52,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_S = 0x53,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_T = 0x54,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_U = 0x55,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_V = 0x56,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_W = 0x57,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_X = 0x58,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_Y = 0x59,
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
KEY_Z = 90,
#endregion
#region volume
/// <summary>
/// Decrese volume
/// </summary>
VOLUME_DOWN = 0xae,
/// <summary>
/// Mute volume
/// </summary>
VOLUME_MUTE = 0xad,
/// <summary>
/// Increase volue
/// </summary>
VOLUME_UP = 0xaf,
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// Take snapshot of the screen and place it on the clipboard
/// </summary>
SNAPSHOT = 0x2c,
/// <summary>Send right click from keyboard "key that is 2 keys to the right of space bar"</summary>
RightClick = 0x5d,
/// <summary>
/// Go Back or delete
/// </summary>
BACKSPACE = 8,
/// <summary>
/// Control + Break "When debuging if you step into an infinite loop this will stop debug"
/// </summary>
CANCEL = 3,
/// <summary>
/// Caps lock key to send cappital letters
/// </summary>
CAPS_LOCK = 20,
/// <summary>
/// Ctlr key
/// </summary>
CONTROL = 0x11,
/// <summary>
/// Alt key
/// </summary>
ALT = 18,
/// <summary>
/// "." key
/// </summary>
DECIMAL = 110,
/// <summary>
/// Delete Key
/// </summary>
DELETE = 0x2e,
/// <summary>
/// Arrow down key
/// </summary>
DOWN = 40,
/// <summary>
/// End key
/// </summary>
END = 0x23,
/// <summary>
/// Escape key
/// </summary>
ESC = 0x1b,
/// <summary>
/// Home key
/// </summary>
HOME = 0x24,
/// <summary>
/// Insert key
/// </summary>
INSERT = 0x2d,
/// <summary>
/// Open my computer
/// </summary>
LAUNCH_APP1 = 0xb6,
/// <summary>
/// Open calculator
/// </summary>
LAUNCH_APP2 = 0xb7,
/// <summary>
/// Open default email in my case outlook
/// </summary>
LAUNCH_MAIL = 180,
/// <summary>
/// Opend default media player (itunes, winmediaplayer, etc)
/// </summary>
LAUNCH_MEDIA_SELECT = 0xb5,
/// <summary>
/// Left control
/// </summary>
LCONTROL = 0xa2,
/// <summary>
/// Left arrow
/// </summary>
LEFT = 0x25,
/// <summary>
/// Left shift
/// </summary>
LSHIFT = 160,
/// <summary>
/// left windows key
/// </summary>
LWIN = 0x5b,
/// <summary>
/// Next "page down"
/// </summary>
PAGEDOWN = 0x22,
/// <summary>
/// Num lock to enable typing numbers
/// </summary>
NUMLOCK = 0x90,
/// <summary>
/// Page up key
/// </summary>
PAGE_UP = 0x21,
/// <summary>
/// Right control
/// </summary>
RCONTROL = 0xa3,
/// <summary>
/// Return key
/// </summary>
ENTER = 13,
/// <summary>
/// Right arrow key
/// </summary>
RIGHT = 0x27,
/// <summary>
/// Right shift
/// </summary>
RSHIFT = 0xa1,
/// <summary>
/// Right windows key
/// </summary>
RWIN = 0x5c,
/// <summary>
/// Shift key
/// </summary>
SHIFT = 0x10,
/// <summary>
/// Space back key
/// </summary>
SPACE_BAR = 0x20,
/// <summary>
/// Tab key
/// </summary>
TAB = 9,
/// <summary>
/// Up arrow key
/// </summary>
UP = 0x26,
}

Así que ahora mi pregunta es ¿por qué cuando envío esa combinación de teclas no obtengo los mismos resultados que cuando lo hago en un teclado real? El 98% de las cosas funcionan. Por ejemplo soy capaz de hacer:

 SendKeyDown(KeyCode.SHIFT);
SendKeyPress(KeyCode.KEY_A );
SendKeyUp(KeyCode.SHIFT);

Y eso le enviará una capital A.

¿Debo usar una biblioteca diferente?

La razón por la que me gusta este enfoque es porque no sé de antemano si el usuario enviará una combinación de teclas, por ejemplo, en formularios de Windows, si lo hago:

System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait("+{end}"); eso enviará shift + end pero quizás el usuario solo quiera enviar shift ...

Answer 1

No está configurando las banderas y los campos de escaneo, dependiendo de las pulsaciones de teclado deseadas, deberá configurarlas correctamente para que el sistema operativo reconozca las teclas correctamente.

Podría considerar usar la biblioteca de Input Simulator , ya que ya hace lo que quiere y no tiene que recrear la rueda. Solo asegúrese de mirar a través de los foros, ya que hay algunos parches buenos que deben establecerse, ya que el autor abandonó el proyecto en 2009. No obstante, es una buena biblioteca.

Answer 2

Otra forma de enviar una entrada de teclado a una ventana (yo uso esto para las pruebas de UI) es usar la alternativa Unicode en KEYBDINPUT que evita que KEYBDINPUT cada carácter a la tecla virtual:

public static void SendString(string inputStr)
{
var hWnd = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainWindowHandle;
WinAPI.SetForegroundWindow(hWnd);
List<WinAPI.INPUT> keyList = new List<WinAPI.INPUT>();
foreach (short c in inputStr)
{
switch (c)
{
case 8: // Translate /t to VK_TAB
{
WinAPI.INPUT keyDown = new WinAPI.INPUT();
keyDown.type = 1; //Keyboard
keyDown.union.keyboardInput.wVk = (short)WinAPI.WindowsVirtualKey.VK_TAB;
keyDown.union.keyboardInput.dwFlags = 0;
keyDown.union.keyboardInput.wScan = 0; //use VirtualKey
keyList.Add(keyDown);
WinAPI.INPUT keyUp = new WinAPI.INPUT();
keyUp.type = 1; //Keyboard
keyUp.union.keyboardInput.wVk = (short)WinAPI.WindowsVirtualKey.VK_TAB;
keyUp.union.keyboardInput.dwFlags = 0x0002;
keyUp.union.keyboardInput.wScan = 0; //use VirtualKey
keyList.Add(keyUp);
}
break;
case 10: // Translate /n to VK_RETURN
{
WinAPI.INPUT keyDown = new WinAPI.INPUT();
keyDown.type = 1; //Keyboard
keyDown.union.keyboardInput.wVk = (short)WinAPI.WindowsVirtualKey.VK_RETURN;
keyDown.union.keyboardInput.dwFlags = 0;
keyDown.union.keyboardInput.wScan = 0; //use VirtualKey
keyList.Add(keyDown);
WinAPI.INPUT keyUp = new WinAPI.INPUT();
keyUp.type = 1; //Keyboard
keyUp.union.keyboardInput.wVk = (short)WinAPI.WindowsVirtualKey.VK_RETURN;
keyUp.union.keyboardInput.dwFlags = 0x0002;
keyUp.union.keyboardInput.wScan = 0; //use VirtualKey
keyList.Add(keyUp);
}
break;
default:
{
WinAPI.INPUT keyDown = new WinAPI.INPUT();
keyDown.type = 1; //Keyboard
keyDown.union.keyboardInput.wVk = 0; //Use unicode
keyDown.union.keyboardInput.dwFlags = 0x0004; //Unicode Key Down
keyDown.union.keyboardInput.wScan = c;
keyList.Add(keyDown);
WinAPI.INPUT keyUp = new WinAPI.INPUT();
keyUp.type = 1; //Keyboard
keyUp.union.keyboardInput.wVk = 0; //Use unicode
keyUp.union.keyboardInput.dwFlags = 0x0004 | 0x0002; //Unicode Key Up
keyUp.union.keyboardInput.wScan = c;
keyList.Add(keyUp);
}
break;
}
}
WinAPI.SendInput((uint)keyList.Count, keyList.ToArray(), Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(WinAPI.INPUT)));
}