una - restricciones sql

¿Cómo puedo averiguar qué restricción FOREIGN KEY hace referencia a una tabla en SQL Server?

Question

Intento dejar caer una tabla pero recibir el siguiente mensaje:

Msg 3726, nivel 16, estado 1, línea 3
No se pudo eliminar el objeto ''dbo.UserProfile'' porque está referenciado por una restricción FOREIGN KEY.
Msg 2714, nivel 16, estado 6, línea 2
Ya hay un objeto llamado ''UserProfile'' en la base de datos.

Miré a mi alrededor con SQL Server Management Studio pero no puedo encontrar la restricción. ¿Cómo puedo averiguar las restricciones de clave externa?

Answer 1

--Los siguientes pueden darle más de lo que está buscando:

create Procedure spShowRelationShips 
( 
    @Table varchar(250) = null,
    @RelatedTable varchar(250) = null
)
as
begin
    if @Table is null and @RelatedTable is null
        select  object_name(k.constraint_object_id) ForeginKeyName, 
                object_name(k.Parent_Object_id) TableName, 
                object_name(k.referenced_object_id) RelatedTable, 
                c.Name RelatedColumnName,  
                object_name(rc.object_id) + ''.'' + rc.name RelatedKeyField
        from sys.foreign_key_columns k
        left join sys.columns c on object_name(c.object_id) = object_name(k.Parent_Object_id) and c.column_id = k.parent_column_id
        left join sys.columns rc on object_name(rc.object_id) = object_name(k.referenced_object_id) and rc.column_id = k.referenced_column_id
        order by 2,3

    if @Table is not null and @RelatedTable is null
        select  object_name(k.constraint_object_id) ForeginKeyName, 
                object_name(k.Parent_Object_id) TableName, 
                object_name(k.referenced_object_id) RelatedTable, 
                c.Name RelatedColumnName,  
                object_name(rc.object_id) + ''.'' + rc.name RelatedKeyField
        from sys.foreign_key_columns k
        left join sys.columns c on object_name(c.object_id) = object_name(k.Parent_Object_id) and c.column_id = k.parent_column_id
        left join sys.columns rc on object_name(rc.object_id) = object_name(k.referenced_object_id) and rc.column_id = k.referenced_column_id
        where object_name(k.Parent_Object_id) =@Table
        order by 2,3

    if @Table is null and @RelatedTable is not null
        select  object_name(k.constraint_object_id) ForeginKeyName, 
                object_name(k.Parent_Object_id) TableName, 
                object_name(k.referenced_object_id) RelatedTable, 
                c.Name RelatedColumnName,  
                object_name(rc.object_id) + ''.'' + rc.name RelatedKeyField
        from sys.foreign_key_columns k
        left join sys.columns c on object_name(c.object_id) = object_name(k.Parent_Object_id) and c.column_id = k.parent_column_id
        left join sys.columns rc on object_name(rc.object_id) = object_name(k.referenced_object_id) and rc.column_id = k.referenced_column_id
        where object_name(k.referenced_object_id) =@RelatedTable
        order by 2,3



end

Answer 2

Aquí está:

SELECT 
   OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) TableName,
   COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id,fc.parent_column_id) ColName
FROM 
   sys.foreign_keys AS f
INNER JOIN 
   sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc 
      ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id
INNER JOIN 
   sys.tables t 
      ON t.OBJECT_ID = fc.referenced_object_id
WHERE 
   OBJECT_NAME (f.referenced_object_id) = ''YourTableName''

De esta manera, obtendrá la tabla de referencia y el nombre de la columna.

Editado para usar sys.tables en lugar de sys.objects genéricos según sugerencia de comentario. Gracias, marc_s

Answer 3

En SQL Server Management Studio puede hacer clic derecho en la tabla en el explorador de objetos y seleccionar "Ver dependencias". Esto te daría un buen punto de partida. Muestra tablas, vistas y procedimientos que hacen referencia a la tabla.

Answer 4

Encontré esta respuesta bastante simple e hice el truco para lo que necesitaba: https://.com/a/12956348/652519

Un resumen del enlace, use esta consulta:

EXEC sp_fkeys ''TableName''

Rápido y simple. Pude localizar rápidamente todas las tablas de claves externas, columnas respectivas y nombres de claves externas de 15 tablas.

Como se menciona a continuación en @mdisibio, aquí hay un enlace a la documentación que detalla los diferentes parámetros que se pueden usar: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/sp-fkeys-transact-sql

Answer 5

Esta es la mejor manera de descubrir la relación de clave foránea en toda la base de datos.

exec sp_helpconstraint ''Table Name''

y una manera más

select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE where TABLE_NAME=''Table Name''
--and left(CONSTRAINT_NAME,2)=''FK''(If you want single key)

Answer 6

Estoy usando esta secuencia de comandos para encontrar todos los detalles relacionados con la clave externa. Estoy usando INFORMATION.SCHEMA. Debajo hay una secuencia de comandos SQL:

SELECT 
    ccu.table_name AS SourceTable
    ,ccu.constraint_name AS SourceConstraint
    ,ccu.column_name AS SourceColumn
    ,kcu.table_name AS TargetTable
    ,kcu.column_name AS TargetColumn
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE ccu
    INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS rc
        ON ccu.CONSTRAINT_NAME = rc.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
    INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE kcu 
        ON kcu.CONSTRAINT_NAME = rc.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME  
ORDER BY ccu.table_name

Answer 7

La forma más fácil de obtener Primary Key y Foreign Key para una tabla es:

/*  Get primary key and foreign key for a table */
USE DatabaseName;

SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE CONSTRAINT_NAME LIKE ''PK%'' AND
TABLE_NAME = ''TableName''

SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE CONSTRAINT_NAME LIKE ''FK%'' AND
TABLE_NAME = ''TableName''

Answer 8

Otra forma es verificar los resultados de

sp_help ''TableName''

(o simplemente resalte el nombre de tabla citado y presione ALT + F1)

Con el tiempo, decidí refinar mi respuesta. A continuación se muestra una captura de pantalla de los resultados que sp_help ofrece. A ha utilizado la BD AdventureWorksDW2012 para este ejemplo. Hay mucha información buena allí, y lo que estamos buscando está al final - resaltado en verde:

Answer 9

Prueba esto

SELECT
  object_name(parent_object_id) ParentTableName,
  object_name(referenced_object_id) RefTableName,
  name 
FROM sys.foreign_keys
WHERE parent_object_id = object_id(''Tablename'')

Answer 10

Puede usar esta consulta para mostrar Foreign key constantes de las Foreign key foráneas:

SELECT
K_Table = FK.TABLE_NAME,
FK_Column = CU.COLUMN_NAME,
PK_Table = PK.TABLE_NAME,
PK_Column = PT.COLUMN_NAME,
Constraint_Name = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS C
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS FK ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = FK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS PK ON C.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = PK.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE CU ON C.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INNER JOIN (
SELECT i1.TABLE_NAME, i2.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS i1
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE i2 ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE i1.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = ''PRIMARY KEY''
) PT ON PT.TABLE_NAME = PK.TABLE_NAME
---- optional:
ORDER BY
1,2,3,4
WHERE PK.TABLE_NAME=''YourTable''

Tomado de http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2006/11/01/sql-server-query-to-display-foreign-key-relationships-and-name-of-the-constraint-for-each-table-in-database/

Answer 11

También puede devolver toda la información sobre las Foreign Keys foráneas al adaptar la respuesta de @LittleSweetSeas:

SELECT 
   OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) ConsTable,
   OBJECT_NAME (f.referenced_object_id) refTable,
   COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id,fc.parent_column_id) ColName
FROM 
   sys.foreign_keys AS f
INNER JOIN 
   sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc 
      ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id
INNER JOIN 
   sys.tables t 
      ON t.OBJECT_ID = fc.referenced_object_id
order by
ConsTable

Answer 12

prueba la siguiente consulta.

select object_name(sfc.constraint_object_id) AS constraint_name,
       OBJECT_Name(parent_object_id) AS table_name ,
       ac1.name as table_column_name,
       OBJECT_name(referenced_object_id) as reference_table_name,      
       ac2.name as reference_column_name
from  sys.foreign_key_columns sfc
join sys.all_columns ac1 on (ac1.object_id=sfc.parent_object_id and ac1.column_id=sfc.parent_column_id)
join sys.all_columns ac2 on (ac2.object_id=sfc.referenced_object_id and ac2.column_id=sfc.referenced_column_id) 
where sfc.parent_object_id=OBJECT_ID(<main table name>);

esto dará el constraint_name, column_names que se referirán y las tablas que dependerán de la restricción estarán allí.

Answer 13

si desea acceder a través de SSMS en la ventana del explorador de objetos, haga clic con el botón derecho en el objeto que desea eliminar, y ver las dependencias.

Answer 14

SELECT 
    obj.name      AS FK_NAME,
    sch.name      AS [schema_name],
    tab1.name     AS [table],
    col1.name     AS [column],
    tab2.name     AS [referenced_table],
    col2.name     AS [referenced_column]
FROM 
     sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
INNER JOIN sys.objects obj
    ON obj.object_id = fkc.constraint_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.tables tab1
    ON tab1.object_id = fkc.parent_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch
    ON tab1.schema_id = sch.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns col1
    ON col1.column_id = parent_column_id AND col1.object_id = tab1.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.tables tab2
    ON tab2.object_id = fkc.referenced_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns col2
    ON col2.column_id = referenced_column_id 
        AND col2.object_id =  tab2.object_id;